{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T16:39:28Z","timestamp":1793723968742,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Non-motor symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), particularly neuropsychiatric disturbances such as anxiety, significantly impact quality of life. The Holistic Care Clinic for Parkinson\u2019s disease at St George\u2019s Hospital offers multidisciplinary assessments and personalized care to address both motor and non-motor symptoms, aiming to improve patient well-being and empower patients to manage their health and enhance their quality of life. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a holistic management approach for PD patients with prominent non-motor symptoms, particularly neuropsychiatric issues, by analyzing clinical outcomes and patient feedback. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients referred to the clinic between June 2022 and June 2023 for non-motor symptoms. Patients received comprehensive assessments, including clinical exams and interviews focused on neuropsychiatric symptoms, followed by individualized care plans. Interventions for anxiety included online psychoeducation and cardiac biofeedback. Outcomes were assessed using the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale and patient feedback on interventions. Results: Thirty patients (mean age 65.7 years, mean disease duration 7.8 years) were included. Anxiety was the primary referral reason (66%). CGI scores indicated that 62% of patients experienced improvement. Medications were adjusted in 14 patients and 65% improved. For anxiety, 13 patients attended the psychoeducation session, with 91% rating it \u201cvery likely\u201d\/\u201dlikely\u201d to recommend. Ten patients completed cardiac biofeedback training, showing a significant reduction in Parkinson\u2019s Anxiety Scale scores (p = 0.03), and 90% recommending it. Conclusions: The holistic care approach of PD patients resulted in significant improvements in clinical outcomes. Patient feedback indicates high satisfaction with the interventions, supporting their acceptability and overall satisfaction with the interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci16010043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T06:25:51Z","timestamp":1766989551000},"page":"43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Holistic Care Clinic for People with Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Outcome from a Newly Developed Service"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lucia","family":"Ricciardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromodulation and Motor Control Section, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, School of Health and Medical Sciences,  City St.\u00a0George\u2019s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryony","family":"Ishihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromodulation and Motor Control Section, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, School of Health and Medical Sciences,  City St.\u00a0George\u2019s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belen","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Herrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromodulation and Motor Control Section, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, School of Health and Medical Sciences,  City St.\u00a0George\u2019s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"Queen\u2019s Hospital, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals, Romford RM7 0AG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Psychological Professions, St. George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Leake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromodulation and Motor Control Section, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, School of Health and Medical Sciences,  City St.\u00a0George\u2019s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9413-3394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assunta","family":"Trinchillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromodulation and Motor Control Section, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, School of Health and Medical Sciences,  City St.\u00a0George\u2019s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Bernardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, St. George\u2019s University Hospital, London SW17 0QT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Kerogoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, St. George\u2019s University Hospital, London SW17 0QT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Gallogly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kingston Hospital, London KT2 7QB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"Paviour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromodulation and Motor Control Section, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, School of Health and Medical Sciences,  City St.\u00a0George\u2019s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Makovac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen\u2019s Hospital, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals, Romford RM7 0AG, UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroimaging Science, Kings College London, London SE5 9RS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Morgante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromodulation and Motor Control Section, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, School of Health and Medical Sciences,  City St.\u00a0George\u2019s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (1946). 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