{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T06:58:56Z","timestamp":1768546736617,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Parkinson\u2019s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting patients\u2019 daily lives in multiple domains, including functional status, health-related quality of life, and psychological well-being. This study examined the relationship between self-reported global activity level, functional status, Health Related QoL (HRQoL), and psychological state among patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease in Greece. Methods: Thirty volunteers (mean age = 69.07, SD = 11.24), members of the Greek Parkinson\u2019s Patients and Caregivers Association, completed (a) the Parkinson\u2019s Disease Questionnaire to evaluate HRQoL and (b) the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess psychological state. Participants then performed (a) the Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST) and (b) the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) to evaluate functional status. All questionnaires and the test used in the present study have been validated in Greek. Correlation analysis with Spearman r tests with Bonferroni correction was performed between the above variables. Subsequent linear regression models were used to identify independent predictors of HRQoL and balance using SPSS 29.0.2.0. Results: Participants reported elevated anxiety (M = 9.67, SD = 4.44) and depressive symptoms (M = 8.97, SD = 4.08), alongside relatively high HRQoL scores (M = 40.09, SD = 18.40). Impaired functional performance was observed, with 22 participants failing to complete the FTSST within 16 s and 16 scoring below 40 on the BBS. Functional status was strongly correlated with HRQoL (r = \u22120.696, p &lt; 0.001) and activity level (r = \u22120.521, p &lt; 0.008). Depression was also significantly associated with poorer HRQoL (r = 0.618, p &lt; 0.008) and lower activity levels (r = \u22120.545, p &lt; 0.008). Regression analyses revealed that balance (\u03b2 = \u22120.526), disease duration (\u03b2 = 0.437), anxiety (\u03b2 = 0.411), and lower limb function (\u03b2 = \u22120.351) were significant independent predictors of HRQoL (R2 = 0.785; F(9, 20) = 12.69; p &lt; 0.001), while HRQoL (\u03b2 = \u22120.738) and lower limb function (\u03b2 = \u22120.391) independently predicted balance (R2 = 0.699; F(9, 20) = 4.72; p = 0.002), suggesting a bidirectional relationship between physical function and subjective well-being. Conclusions: Activity level, HRQoL, functional status, and psychological state in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease are interrelated factors. Increased levels of anxiety and depression, as well as reduced HRQoL, were observed. The findings point to a potentially reinforcing cycle between poor balance and diminished quality of life, with anxiety and age playing key roles. Overall, the results illustrate that functional, psychological, and HRQoL measures interact in complex ways, emphasizing the multidimensional profile of patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Further studies with larger samples are required to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci16010090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T12:31:41Z","timestamp":1768480301000},"page":"90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relationships Among Functional Status, Global Self-Reported Categorical Measure of Activity Level, Health-Related Quality of Life and Psychological State in Patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease in Greece"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6744-2979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Christakou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Peloponnese, 23100 Sparta, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nektaria Angeliki","family":"Komisopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amalia Panagiota","family":"Louka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9481-996X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Sakellari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12568","article-title":"Epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s Disease-East Versus West","volume":"5","author":"Abbas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov. 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