{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:07:15Z","timestamp":1792800435030,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been proposed as an adjunctive treatment for spinal cord injuries (SCIs) to mitigate a secondary injury and enhance neurological recovery. While the preclinical evidence is consistently supportive, clinical data remain heterogeneous across traumatic (TSCI) and non-traumatic (NTSCI) etiologies. Methods: A hybrid systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and included an illustrative single-center clinical case. PubMed, OVID Medline, and Google Scholar were searched for studies published between 1978 and 2024. Due to methodological heterogeneity, qualitative synthesis was performed. Results: Fifty studies comprising 1102 patients were included. Neurological improvement was more frequently observed in incomplete injuries and when HBOT was initiated early. Conclusions: HBOT may represent a useful adjunct in selected SCI patients, although standardized protocols and controlled trials are required to better define its role.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci16020165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T11:09:22Z","timestamp":1769771362000},"page":"165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries: Insights from Nearly Five Decades of Evidence with Single-Center Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6924-3551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Iaconetta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria \u201cSan Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d\u2019Aragona\u201d, University of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlotta","family":"Ranalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6602-495X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacopo Rosso","family":"Antonino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Siglioccolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria \u201cSan Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d\u2019Aragona\u201d, 84125 Salerno, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria \u201cSan Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d\u2019Aragona\u201d, 84125 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Narciso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria \u201cSan Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d\u2019Aragona\u201d, University of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Scrofani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria \u201cSan Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d\u2019Aragona\u201d, University of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1579-2077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ettore","family":"Amoroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria \u201cSan Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d\u2019Aragona\u201d, University of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5236-3132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Cascella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria \u201cSan Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d\u2019Aragona\u201d, 84125 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8172-6134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"De Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria \u201cSan Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d\u2019Aragona\u201d, University of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, Y., Shang, Z., Zhang, W., Pang, M., Hu, X., Dai, Y., Shen, R., Wu, Y., Liu, C., and Luo, T. 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