{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T14:35:25Z","timestamp":1787668525612,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) consist of a wide spectrum of gastrointestinal impairment, urinary dysfunction, sleep disturbances, fatigue and psychiatric disorders. Mood disorders like anxiety and depression are linked to general well-being and overall quality of life, therefore influencing the amount and quality of restful sleep that the patients can achieve. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and characteristics of anxiety and depression in PD and to identify the factors that correlate with sleep disturbances. Methods: We conducted a case\u2013control study which included 131 PD patients and 131 controls. Descriptive data was collected, and validated scales and questionnaires regarding sleep, motor symptoms and symptoms related to anxiety and depression were administered. Patients were divided into groups by the presence or absence of sleep disorders (\u201cbad sleepers\u201d and \u201cgood sleepers\u201d) and by the presence or absence of anxiety and depression. Comparative analysis was performed. Results: PD patients reported more clinically significant depression than controls and those with concomitant sleep impairment scored higher on depression- and anxiety-specific scales than their better-sleeping counterparts. Age, motor status and sleep impairment were found to be factors associated with depression in PD patients. The presence of sleep disorders was also associated with anxiety. Conclusions: Depression and anxiety are frequent in PD and are associated with comorbid sleep disturbances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci16020172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T09:48:08Z","timestamp":1770025688000},"page":"172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Association of Anxiety and Depression with Sleep Disturbances in Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Cristian","family":"Falup-Pecurariu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, County Clinic Hospital, 500326 Brasov, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, 500019 Brasov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5849-0135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iulia","family":"Murasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, County Clinic Hospital, 500326 Brasov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0506-931X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlad","family":"Monescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Transilvania University, 500091 Brasov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Kakucs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, 500019 Brasov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Diaconu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, County Clinic Hospital, 500326 Brasov, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, 500019 Brasov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"397","author":"Bloem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00170-4","article-title":"Sleep and Sleep Disorders in People with Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"23","author":"Iranzo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz030","article-title":"Risk and Predictors of Dementia and Parkinsonism in Idiopathic REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder: A Multicentre Study","volume":"142","author":"Postuma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fujita, H., Shiina, T., Sakuramoto, H., Nozawa, N., Ogaki, K., and Suzuki, K. 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