{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T06:43:37Z","timestamp":1774680217543,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This paper presents a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the effects of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS) delivered via wearable devices on the gait and balance in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Method: The PICO criteria were established according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and literature searches were performed across five databases covering studies published between 2015 and 2025: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science. After applying the inclusion criteria, eleven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the PEDro Scale and ROB-2. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.4 based on the number of samples, means, and standard deviations to calculate the effect sizes. Result: The analysis results showed that wearable RAS significantly improved the gait speed (SMD = 0.49, p &lt; 0.05) and balance ability (SMD = 0.40, p &lt; 0.05), while no significant differences in the gait pattern, FOG-Q, or UPDRS-III were observed. The heterogeneity among studies was low, and the funnel plots were distributed symmetrically, indicating minimal publication bias. The average PEDro score was 7.33, suggesting moderate-to-high methodological quality. Conclusion: wearable RAS was identified as an evidence-based intervention effective in improving the gait speed and balance in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci16040359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T15:10:24Z","timestamp":1774537824000},"page":"359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation Using Sensory Feedback-Based Wearable Devices on the Gait and Balance in Patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2040-7791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju-Hak","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan 712-714, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8214-2189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myoung-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan 712-714, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7251-6108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myoung-Kwon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan 712-714, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30230-7","article-title":"The epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease: Risk factors and prevention","volume":"15","author":"Ascherio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70285-4","article-title":"The diagnosis of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"5","author":"Tolosa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S114","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(11)70036-0","article-title":"Rehabilitation, exercise therapy and music in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: A meta-analysis of the effects of music-based movement therapy on walking ability, balance and quality of life","volume":"18","author":"Poppe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Park. 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