{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:07:39Z","timestamp":1785434859254,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional\/Secretar\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Posgrado","award":["SIP 20250106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP 20250106"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional\/Secretar\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Posgrado","award":["SIP 20250288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP 20250288"]}]},{"award":["SIP 20250106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP 20250106"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059sp8j34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["SIP 20250288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP 20250288"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059sp8j34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"PROYECTOS DE DESARROLLO TECNOLOGICO O INNOVACI\u00d3N PARA ALUMNOS DEL IPN","award":["2024-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Freezing of gait (FoG) is a disabling motor manifestation of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) associated with impaired neural control of locomotion and increased gait variability. Quantitative characterization of gait kinematics may provide biomechanical insight into FoG-related instability, particularly under different dopaminergic states. Methods: This pilot study evaluated sagittal-plane knee kinematics in healthy individuals (n = 27) and patients with PD. (n = 8) under OFF and ON dopaminergic medication conditions using two-dimensional videogrammetry (Kinovea\u00ae). Knee flexion\u2013extension trajectories were time-normalized to 0\u2013100% of the gait cycle, and group ensemble profiles (mean \u00b1 SD) were computed. Results: Phase-specific range of motion (ROM), within-subject variability, and interlimb coordination were quantified. Interlimb coordination was assessed using Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficients (r) and cross-correlation lag analysis computed per subject and summarized statistically across groups. Compared with healthy participants, PD patients in the OFF state exhibited significantly reduced knee ROM during stance and swing (p &lt; 0.05), accompanied by increased kinematic variability and disrupted temporal coordination. Interlimb correlation was significantly lower in PD OFF compared to healthy gait groups (p = 0.010), with larger temporal lags, indicating impaired bilateral synchronization. Following medication intake (ON state), knee excursion increased and interlimb coordination partially improved; however, correlation values and timing symmetry did not fully normalize to healthy levels. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that sagittal-plane knee kinematics and interlimb coordination metrics derived from low-cost 2D videogrammetry are sensitive to the dopaminergic state and reveal persistent neuromotor deficits in PD. The proposed framework provides an interpretable and accessible approach for characterizing gait organization in Parkinson\u2019s disease and supports future integration with clinical assessment and longitudinal monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci16040385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T16:34:08Z","timestamp":1774974848000},"page":"385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Two-Dimensional Sagittal-Plane Gait Evaluation and Similarity Analysis in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Under ON and OFF Conditions: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5569-0737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jocabed","family":"Mendoza-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica y El\u00e9ctrica, Unidad Zacatenco, Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07738, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Neurociencias, Hospital \u00c1ngeles Pedregal, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 10700, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6742-4081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiacro","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Neurociencias, Hospital \u00c1ngeles Pedregal, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 10700, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9849-558X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karla Nayelli","family":"Silva-Garc\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica y El\u00e9ctrica, Unidad Zacatenco, Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio Rodrigo","family":"M\u00e9ndez Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica y El\u00e9ctrica, Unidad Zacatenco, Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1649-9954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adolfo Angel","family":"Casarez Duran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica y El\u00e9ctrica, Unidad Zacatenco, Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0291-7384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher Ren\u00e9","family":"Torres-SanMiguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica y El\u00e9ctrica, Unidad Zacatenco, Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1293-2965(12)61944-6","article-title":"Marcha normal","volume":"33","author":"Willems","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMC Kinesiterapia Med. 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