{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:34:33Z","timestamp":1787027673433,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":175,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21MH132052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21MH132052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R21MH132052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21MH132052"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/044zkrt47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Brain & Behavior Foundation NARSAD Young Investigator"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03a63f080","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic neuropsychiatric condition characterized by persistent drug seeking and impaired behavioral control. Dopaminergic signaling has long been recognized as a central regulator of reinforcement learning, motivation, and habit formation. Addictive substances profoundly alter dopamine transmission through multiple mechanisms. These drug-induced changes contribute to the initiation, escalation, and persistence of addictive behaviors. In addition to dopamine, the cholinergic system has emerged as an important modulator of striatal circuit function. Acetylcholine and its receptors interact extensively with dopaminergic pathways, shaping striatal signaling dynamics and influencing learning and action selection, with particularly strong relevance for nicotine dependence. In this review, we discuss how striatal dopamine and acetylcholine contribute to learning, habit formation, and addiction-related behaviors, as well as how these systems interact at the circuit level. By integrating these findings, we propose a framework for understanding how dopamine\u2013acetylcholine interactions may influence behavioral regulation relevant to substance use disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci16040397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T08:09:00Z","timestamp":1775549340000},"page":"397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dopamine and Acetylcholine in the Striatum: Circuit Interactions and Behavioral Control in Substance Use Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3803-974X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oyku","family":"Dinckol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6545-3616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noah H.","family":"Wenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8489-582X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aryanna","family":"Copling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5647-5457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhumiben P.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2700-977X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Munir Gunes","family":"Kutlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2015.26","article-title":"Dopamine reward prediction-error signalling: A two-component response","volume":"17","author":"Schultz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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