{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T05:03:32Z","timestamp":1777007012294,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Immersive virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising tool for standardized, engaging assessment of motor and cognitive function in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). However, patient-reported experiences with immersive VR tasks have not been systematically evaluated. Objective: To characterize patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) after a multidomain immersive VR task and explore relationships with clinical characteristics, therapeutic history, and task performance. Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, participants completed a seated immersive VR task comprising six upper-limb tasks with motor and cognitive components. Patient experience was evaluated immediately afterward using a PREM questionnaire. Upper-limb activity limitations were assessed with the Arm Function in Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire (AMSQ). Results: A total of 129 pwMS (EDSS 3.5\u20138.0) participated. Median PREM item scores ranged from 1.0 to 2.0 (scale 0\u201310), indicating an overall positive experience. Over 80% rated staff support as excellent; more than half perceived the assessment as safe, comfortable, and appropriately timed. An amount of 40.3% of pwMS wished to use VR tasks more often than once per year. PwMS receiving upper-limb physiotherapy or occupational therapy reported greater perceived difficulty than those without therapy. In exploratory analyses, higher perceived difficulty and a preference for less frequent VR use were associated with higher EDSS (r = 0.208 and 0.200) and ambulation scores (r = 0.215 and 0.195). Difficulty ratings were also related to pyramidal (r = 0.188) and sensory (r = 0.174) impairments. Conclusions: PwMS reported a positive overall experience with the immersive VR tasks. Further studies should evaluate the suitability and validity of this approach compared with conventional assessments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci16040433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T09:01:24Z","timestamp":1776848484000},"page":"433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immersive Virtual Reality Assessment in Multiple Sclerosis: Patient-Reported Experience and Correlates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Anik\u00f3","family":"V\u00e1g\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, Dresden, and Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), 01309 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Ge\u00dfner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, Dresden, and Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), 01309 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9243-5544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, Dresden, and Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), 01309 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1656-501X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi","family":"St\u00f6lzer-Hutsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, Dresden, and Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), 01309 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2832-4640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrin","family":"Trentzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, Dresden, and Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), 01309 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7524-7628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"Schriefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, Dresden, and Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), 01309 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8799-8202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tjalf","family":"Ziemssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, Dresden, and Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), 01309 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Multiple Sclerosis Review","volume":"37","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharm. 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