{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:07:59Z","timestamp":1778821679083,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Much of the interoception literature assumes that people can accurately detect their heart rate, stomach contractility, muscle tension, and other biological cues. This is not true. Instead, interoception is an active integrative psychological process where the feeling of one\u2019s internal state emerges from physiological signals, contextual cues, and the social and cultural experiences of living in a body. Thinking of interoception this way shifts the focus from measuring accuracy at detecting biological signaling to studying lived experience. One such experience is the widespread objectification of women\u2019s bodies. Living in a body that is chronically evaluated creates a particular form of self-consciousness. Here, we propose that self-objectification redirects attention toward the body, potentially reshaping both the allocation of attention to internal sensations and their interpretation and thereby offering a theoretical account of paradoxes in the interoception literature, such as women\u2019s lower detection accuracy but higher symptom reporting, and mismatches between subjective and physiological reports of menopausal hot flashes. We consider implications for women\u2019s health, including reproductive health, ACL injury risk, and chronic pain. Our framework suggests that \u201cfeeling like a woman\u201d reflects an interoceptive experience shaped significantly by objectification, with important consequences for well-being.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci16050494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:33:17Z","timestamp":1777627997000},"page":"494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Feeling Like a Woman: Interoception and the Objectified Body"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5266-9422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomi-Ann","family":"Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James W.","family":"Pennebaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6313-0812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benita","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA"},{"name":"Program in Culture, Health, and Science, Five College Consortium, Amherst, MA 01002, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murphy, J., and Brewer, R. 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