{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:07:51Z","timestamp":1785434871301,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["33009015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["33009015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["33009015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["33009015"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x0ma614","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: In this three-stage study, we aimed to adapt an Auditory-Visual Stroop test (AV-Stroop test) for tinnitus subjects, evaluate the correlation between performance in the conventional Stroop test (C-Stroop test) and the AV-Stroop test; assess the effect of cognitive screening test performance on the AV-Stroop test\u2019s results; and apply the AV-Stroop test in participants with tinnitus and controls. Methods: At the First Stage, the AV-Stroop test was adapted using white noise (WN), pure tone (PT), and narrow band (NB) sound stimuli. At the Second Stage, results of the AV-Stroop test, the C-Stroop test, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) were compared (n = 45). At the Third Stage, the AV-Stroop test was applied to participants with and without tinnitus (n = 70). The tinnitus group was assessed with an additional test track (stimuli matched to tinnitus spectral characteristics, Tinnitus Pitch). Results: We adapted 34 training and evaluation tracks for the AV-Stroop test. AV-Stroop test\u2019s results were correlated with C-Stroop test\u2019s total task time (WN, p-value = 0.002; NB and PT, p-value &lt; 0.001 comparing C-Stroop word reading task; and WN, NB, and PT, p-value &lt; 0.001 for C-Stroop color naming task), and number of errors (NB, p-value &lt; 0.001 comparing C-Stroop word reading task, and p-value = 0.012 for C-Stroop color naming task). Participants\u2019 MOCA scores were not associated with AV-Stroop test performance. Participants with tinnitus required more time and made more errors in the AV-Stroop test. Additionally, the tinnitus group made more errors in the Tinnitus Pitch track. Conclusions: The AV-Stroop test proved to be an accessible, easy-to-administer tool for evaluating attentional and inhibitory control in participants with tinnitus. The stimulus with spectral characteristics similar to tinnitus perception was more effective in assessing top-down executive control in participants with the symptom.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci16060565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T12:31:56Z","timestamp":1779885116000},"page":"565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Auditory-Visual Stroop Test to Assess Subjects with Tinnitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Anna Carolina Marques Perrella de","family":"Barros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014UNIFESP, S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8647-6813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014UNIFESP, S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3721-6916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia Alencar de","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tinnitus Clinic\u2014Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014UNIFESP, S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2101-4714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard S.","family":"Tyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Speech Pathology & Audiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ektor Tsuneo","family":"Onishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tinnitus Clinic\u2014Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014UNIFESP, S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima Cristina Alves","family":"Branco-Barreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014UNIFESP, S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054651","article-title":"Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions","volume":"18","author":"Stroop","year":"1935","journal-title":"J. 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