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Although self-face processing is well characterized, how distinct dimensions of the self, such as facial and creator identities, are neurally integrated remains largely unknown. Heartbeat-related self-expression and its underlying neural interactions remain unexplored. Methods: We simultaneously recorded EEG and ECG signals from 32 art students while they viewed self- and other-created portraits (of self and other). Results: The results revealed distinct processing pathways for facial identity and creator identity, while both self-related stimuli elicited special neural responses. Furthermore, their interaction emerged in early visual evoked potentials (188\u2013344 ms) and late heartbeat-evoked potentials (344\u2013596 ms). Conclusions: These findings indicate that the self is modulated by visual and interoceptive signals, offering new insights into the neural mechanisms of selfhood in artistic practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci16070699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:50:37Z","timestamp":1782867037000},"page":"699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Visual and Interoceptive EEG Signatures Reveal the Interaction Between Facial and Creator Identities in Self-Processing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wenyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Fine Art, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mao","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianhui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Fine Art, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3569-6365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengmin","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"},{"name":"Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou 510330, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-018-1487-9","article-title":"Self-face advantage over familiar and unfamiliar faces: A three-level meta-analytic approach","volume":"25","author":"Bortolon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychon. 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