{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T05:01:11Z","timestamp":1784955671552,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":175,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sci.","Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypnotic hypoalgesia effectively reduces various types of pain, but its neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. EEG and somatosensory event-related potentials (SERPs) can help elucidate how hypnotic suggestions influence pain processing across sensory, emotional, and cognitive domains. This review synthesizes evidence on EEG oscillatory activity and SERP correlates in hypnotic pain modulation and interprets the findings through predictive coding and active inference frameworks. The review integrated relevant studies on EEG frequency-band oscillations, SERPs, and the modulation of pain by hypnosis, focusing on a convergent neurophysiological account of hypnotic pain modulation rather than on individual studies. Research indicates that hypnotic hypoalgesia is associated with concerted changes across multiple EEG frequency bands. Theta activity is linked to focused internal attention and the maintenance of suggestion-consistent representations, while increased alpha activity may indicate inhibitory sensory gating and reduced nociceptive gain. Beta oscillations enhance pain relief in cognitive and motor functions, while decreased gamma activity indicates reduced significance of pain signals. SERP findings show that hypnotic suggestions primarily affect late evaluative components (e.g., P200\/P250, P300) rather than early sensory elements, suggesting changes in salience assignment and affective-cognitive appraisal rather than uniform suppression of nociceptive input. Predictive coding and active inference explain how hypnotic suggestions change pain-related expectations and bodily perceptions. This insight is key to enhancing personalized pain management and guiding future neuroscience research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci16080779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T17:13:17Z","timestamp":1784826797000},"page":"779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toward a Predictive Coding Account of Hypnotic Hypoalgesia: Integrating EEG Oscillations and Somatosensory Evoked Responses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4594-8877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vilfredo","family":"De Pascalis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.10.007","article-title":"Pain and consciousness","volume":"87","author":"Bastuji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.11.010","article-title":"Pain and the brain Specificity and plasticity of the brain in clinical chronic pain","volume":"152","author":"Apkarian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S60433","article-title":"Brain imaging of pain: State of the art","volume":"9","author":"Morton","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003919","article-title":"The effects of different types of pain modulation on social emotions and behaviour\u2014A systematic literature review","volume":"167","author":"Hartmann","year":"2026","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5328.968","article-title":"Pain affect encoded in human anterior cingulate but not somatosensory cortex","volume":"277","author":"Rainville","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.86.1.402","article-title":"Cortical representation of the sensory dimension of pain","volume":"86","author":"Hofbauer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Desmarteaux, C., Streff, A., Chen, J.-I., Houz\u00e9, B., Pich\u00e9, M., and Rainville, P. (2021). Brain Responses to Hypnotic Verbal Suggestions Predict Pain Modulation. Front. Pain Res., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2021.757384"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/00207144.2021.1920330","article-title":"Hypnosis and the alleviation of clinical pain: A comprehensive meta-analysis","volume":"69","author":"Milling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.02.013","article-title":"The effectiveness of hypnosis for pain relief: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 85 controlled experimental trials","volume":"99","author":"Thompson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(75)90039-1","article-title":"The alleviation of pain by hypnosis","volume":"1","author":"Hilgard","year":"1975","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.2008.10401654","article-title":"The neurophysiology of pain perception and hypnotic analgesia: Implications for clinical practice","volume":"51","author":"Jensen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2025.08.002","article-title":"Experimental pain modulation via hypnosis: Neurophysiological perspectives","volume":"Volume 184","author":"Terhune","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Review of Neurobiology: Hpypnosis Part A"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1997.0095","article-title":"Knowledge in perception and illusion","volume":"352","author":"Gregory","year":"1997","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112021","article-title":"Shared Neural Mechanisms of Trait Mindfulness and Hypnotic Susceptibility: A Scoping Review Toward a Unifying Predictive Coding Framework","volume":"243","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X12000477","article-title":"Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science","volume":"36","author":"Clark","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feldman, H., and Friston, K.J. (2010). Attention, uncertainty, and free-energy. Front. Hum. Neurosci., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00215"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2787","article-title":"The free-energy principle: A unified brain theory?","volume":"11","author":"Friston","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2011.11.014","article-title":"Prediction, perception and agency","volume":"83","author":"Friston","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.02.042","article-title":"Placebo Analgesia: A Predictive Coding Perspective","volume":"81","author":"Geuter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24770","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.24770","article-title":"Functional dissociation of stimulus intensity encoding and predictive coding of pain in the insula","volume":"6","author":"Geuter","year":"2017","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf8934","article-title":"Deconstructing the sensation of pain: The influence of cognitive processes on pain perception","volume":"354","author":"Wiech","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Raz, A., and Lifshitz, M. (2016). A unified theory of hypnosis and meditation states: The interoceptive predictive coding approach. Hypnosis and Meditation: Towards an Integrative Science of Conscious Planes, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zahedi, A., Lynn, S.J., and Sommer, W. (2024). Cognitive simulation along with neural adaptation explain effects of suggestions: A novel theoretical framework. Front. Psychol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1388347"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2025.10.001","article-title":"Interoceptive predictive coding, active inference and the generation of hypnotic suggestion responses","volume":"Volume 185","author":"Terhune","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Review of Neurobiology: Hypnosis Part B"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"117","article-title":"An insula view of predictive processing in hypnotic responses","volume":"9","author":"Jamieson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol. Conscious. Theory Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1037\/rev0000134","article-title":"Alterations of agency in hypnosis: A new predictive coding model","volume":"126","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"268","article-title":"Efficacy of hypnosis in the management of non-procedural pain: Systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Machado","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hari, R., and Puce, A. (2023). Meg-EEG Primer, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780197542187.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001087","article-title":"Electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography in pain research\u2014Current state and future perspectives","volume":"159","author":"Ploner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.10.017","article-title":"EEG and MEG: Relevance to neuroscience","volume":"80","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.05.020","article-title":"Hypnotically induced somatosensory alterations: Toward a neurophysiological understanding of hypnotic anaesthesia","volume":"87","author":"Goldstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9270","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2283-07.2007","article-title":"Attention to painful stimulation enhances \u03b3-band activity and synchronization in human sensorimotor cortex","volume":"27","author":"Hauck","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2016.12.001","article-title":"Brain rhythms of pain","volume":"21","author":"Ploner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gross, J., Schnitzler, A., Timmermann, L., and Ploner, M. (2007). Gamma oscillations in human primary somatosensory cortex reflect pain perception. PLoS Biol., 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050133"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(99)00141-8","article-title":"Event-related EEG\/MEG synchronization and desynchronization: Basic principles","volume":"110","author":"Pfurtscheller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palva, S., and Palva, J.M. (2011). Functional roles of alpha band network activity in local and large-scale cortical networks. Front. Psychol., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00204"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.10.008","article-title":"Functional features of nociceptive-induced suppression of alpha band electroencephalographic oscillations","volume":"14","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)59014-4","article-title":"ERD\/ERS patterns reflecting sensorimotor activation and deactivation","volume":"159","author":"Neuper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.55782\/ane-2000-1346","article-title":"Synchronised oscillations of the human sensorimotor cortex","volume":"60","author":"Schnitzler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiol. Exp."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.051508.135603","article-title":"Neuronal gamma-band synchronization as a fundamental process in cortical computation","volume":"32","author":"Fries","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.12.027","article-title":"Oscillatory synchronization in large-scale cortical networks predicts perception","volume":"69","author":"Hipp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(99)01299-1","article-title":"Oscillatory gamma activity in humans and its role in object representation","volume":"3","author":"Bertrand","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.2014.976786","article-title":"Brain Oscillations, Hypnosis, and Hypnotizability","volume":"57","author":"Jensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jensen, M.P., and Barrett, T.D. (2024). The Role of Electroencephalogram-Assessed Bandwidth Power in Response to Hypnotic Analgesia. Brain Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14060557"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.2020.1863184","article-title":"Spinal and supraspinal modulation of pain responses by hypnosis, suggestions, and distraction","volume":"63","author":"Streff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70537","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70537","article-title":"Directed Communication in Theta and Alpha Networks Supports Content Handling in Working Memory","volume":"47","author":"Elmers","year":"2026","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/00207144.2018.1460546","article-title":"Use of neurofeedback and mindfulness to enhance response to hypnosis treatment in individuals with multiple sclerosis: Results from a pilot randomized clinical trial","volume":"66","author":"Jensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.2045","article-title":"Virtual reality hypnosis in the management of pain: Self-reported and neurophysiological measures in healthy","volume":"27","author":"Rousseaux","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e06871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06871","article-title":"No evidence for theta power as a marker of hypnotic state in highly hypnotizable subjects","volume":"7","author":"Hiltunen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zech, N., Seemann, M., and Hansen, E. (2023). Hypnosis measured with monitors of anesthetic depth\u2013EEG changes during the test for Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility. Front. Psychol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1267658"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.2020.1863185","article-title":"Current neuroscientific research database findings of brain activity changes after hypnosis","volume":"63","author":"Halsband","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.02.020","article-title":"Brain correlates of hypnosis: A systematic review and meta-analytic exploration","volume":"81","author":"Landry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(98)00056-3","article-title":"EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: A review and analysis","volume":"29","author":"Klimesch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.01975.x","article-title":"Frontal theta activity in humans increases with memory load in a working memory task","volume":"15","author":"Jensen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2015.05.004","article-title":"Subjective pain perception mediated by alpha rhythms","volume":"109","author":"Peng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.10.007","article-title":"Alpha-band oscillations, attention, and controlled access to stored information","volume":"16","author":"Klimesch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foxe, J.J., and Snyder, A.C. (2011). The role of alpha-band brain oscillations as a sensory suppression mechanism during selective attention. Front. Psychol., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00154"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jensen, O., and Mazaheri, A. (2010). Shaping functional architecture by oscillatory alpha activity: Gating by inhibition. Front. Hum. Neurosci., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00186"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-008-0248-5","article-title":"A theory of alpha\/theta neurofeedback, creative performance enhancement, long distance functional connectivity and psychological integration","volume":"10","author":"Gruzelier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cogn. Process."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.2020.1863182","article-title":"Influences of hypnotic suggestibility, contextual factors, and EEG alpha on placebo analgesia","volume":"63","author":"Scacchia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8235588","article-title":"Thalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain","volume":"262","author":"Steriade","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1998.0336","article-title":"The neuronal basis for consciousness","volume":"353","author":"Ribary","year":"1998","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.01.007","article-title":"The thalamic dynamic core theory of conscious experience","volume":"20","author":"Ward","year":"2011","journal-title":"Conscious. Cogn."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17076","DOI":"10.21037\/apm.2017.04.03","article-title":"Shedding light on the fundamental mechanism underlying hypnotic analgesia","volume":"7","author":"Keppler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Palliat. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.2000.10404255","article-title":"Binaural-Beat Induced Theta EEG Activity and Hypnotic Susceptibility","volume":"43","author":"Brady","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"128","article-title":"The analysis of spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) in chronic low back pain patients compared with healthy subjects","volume":"37","author":"Bemani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. J. Islam. Repub. Iran"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.10.038","article-title":"Canonical microcircuits for predictive coding","volume":"76","author":"Bastos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1622","article-title":"A theory of cortical responses","volume":"360","author":"Friston","year":"2005","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1136","article-title":"Cortical nociceptive processes are reduced by visual alpha-band entrainment in the human brain","volume":"22","author":"Ecsy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102907","article-title":"Angular gyrus connectivity at alpha and beta oscillations is reduced during tonic pain\u2013Differential effect of eye state","volume":"33","author":"Alhajri","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022213302688","article-title":"Brain spatial microstates of human spontaneous alpha activity in relaxed wakefulness, drowsiness period, and REM sleep","volume":"11","author":"Cantero","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Topogr."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.11.042","article-title":"Cerebral peak alpha frequency predicts individual differences in pain sensitivity","volume":"167","author":"Furman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linden, J.H., De Benedittis, G., Sugarman, L.I., and Varga, K. (2024). EEG oscillatory activity concomitant with hypnosis and hypnotizability. International Handbook of Clinical Hypnosis, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003449126"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3779","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1019676108","article-title":"Neuronal assembly dynamics in the beta1 frequency range permits short-term memory","volume":"108","author":"Kopell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.02.015","article-title":"Beta-band oscillations\u2014Signalling the status quo?","volume":"20","author":"Engel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0170-17.2017","article-title":"Beyond the status quo: A role for beta oscillations in endogenous content (re) activation","volume":"4","author":"Spitzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eneuro"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.06.004","article-title":"Oscillatory activity reflects the excitability of the human somatosensory system","volume":"32","author":"Ploner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26679","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26679","article-title":"Evoked oscillatory cortical activity during acute pain: Probing brain in pain by transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalogram","volume":"45","author":"Casali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(96)00067-0","article-title":"Self-generated happy and sad emotions in low and highly hypnotizable persons during waking and hypnosis: Laterality and regional EEG activity differences","volume":"24","author":"Crawford","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/ch.193","article-title":"Redefining hypnosis: Theory, methods and integration","volume":"17","author":"Gruzelier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contemp. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/ch.327","article-title":"Hypnosis induces a changed composition of brain oscillations in EEG: A case study","volume":"24","author":"Fingelkurts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contemp. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jamieson, G.A. (2007). Dissociated control as a paradigm for cognitive neuroscience research and theorizing in hypnosis. Hypnosis and Conscious States: The Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198569794.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar Govindaiah, P., Adarsh, A., Panda, R., Gosseries, O., Malaise, N., Salamun, I., Tshibanda, L., Laureys, S., Bonhomme, V., and Faymonville, M.E. (2024). Exploring electrophysiological responses to hypnosis in patients with fibromyalgia. Brain Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14111047"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.05.003","article-title":"Cortical oscillations and sensory predictions","volume":"16","author":"Arnal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/ch.35","article-title":"Frontal functions, connectivity and neural efficiency underpinning hypnosis and hypnotic susceptibility","volume":"23","author":"Gruzelier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contemp. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000215","article-title":"Pain intensity, headache frequency, and the behavioral activation and inhibition systems","volume":"31","author":"Jensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.05.005","article-title":"The gamma cycle","volume":"30","author":"Fries","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.18.030195.003011","article-title":"Visual feature integration and the temporal correlation hypothesis","volume":"18","author":"Singer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01568-0","article-title":"Temporal binding and the neural correlates of sensory awareness","volume":"5","author":"Engel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"1747","article-title":"The Pain Signals: A Systematic Review on the Electroencephalogram of the Nociceptive Pain","volume":"31","author":"Elsayed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eng. Lett."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4407","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhv043","article-title":"Prefrontal gamma oscillations encode tonic pain in humans","volume":"25","author":"Schulz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7429","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5877-11.2012","article-title":"Gamma-band oscillations in the primary somatosensory cortex\u2014A direct and obligatory correlate of subjective pain intensity","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.01.011","article-title":"Brain oscillations differentially encode noxious stimulus intensity and pain intensity","volume":"148","author":"Nickel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(02)00118-6","article-title":"Pain perception, hypnosis and 40 Hz oscillations","volume":"46","author":"Croft","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.07.003","article-title":"Perception and modulation of pain in waking and hypnosis: Functional significance of phase-ordered gamma oscillations","volume":"112","author":"Cacace","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.02.005","article-title":"Hypnotic modulation of pain perception and of brain activity triggered by nociceptive laser stimuli","volume":"49","author":"Valentini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.12.018","article-title":"Visual areas exert feedforward and feedback influences through distinct frequency channels","volume":"85","author":"Bastos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.12.018","article-title":"Alpha-beta and gamma rhythms subserve feedback and feedforward influences among human visual cortical areas","volume":"89","author":"Michalareas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11476","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.11476","article-title":"Neural signatures of perceptual inference","volume":"5","author":"Sedley","year":"2016","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2024.09.013","article-title":"Large-scale interactions in predictive processing: Oscillatory versus transient dynamics","volume":"29","author":"Vinck","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.03.027","article-title":"Transient induced gamma-band response in EEG as a manifestation of miniature saccades","volume":"58","author":"Tomer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muthukumaraswamy, S. (2013). High-frequency brain activity and muscle artifacts in MEG\/EEG: A review and recommendations. Front. Hum. Neurosci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00138"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ray, S., and Maunsell, J.H.R. (2011). Different origins of gamma rhythm and high-gamma activity in macaque visual cortex. PLoS Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000610"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.11.044","article-title":"Neuronal dynamics underlying high-and low-frequency EEG oscillations contribute independently to the human BOLD signal","volume":"69","author":"Scheeringa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-2381-z","article-title":"Multisensory processing and oscillatory gamma responses: Effects of spatial selective attention","volume":"166","author":"Senkowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1080\/00207144.2014.961875","article-title":"Mechanisms of Hypnosis: Toward the Development of a Biopsychosocial Model","volume":"63","author":"Jensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/00207144.2015.1099408","article-title":"Brain oscillations and diurnal variations in hypnotic responsiveness\u2014A commentary on \u201cDiurnal Variations in Hypnotic Responsiveness: Is There an Optimal Time to be Hypnotized?\u201d","volume":"64","author":"Jensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.07.012","article-title":"The cerebral signature for pain perception and its modulation","volume":"55","author":"Tracey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buzs\u00e1ki, G. (2006). Rhythms of the Brain, Oxford University Press Inc.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195301069.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128115","article-title":"High Gamma Power Is Phase-Locked to Theta Oscillations in Human Neocortex","volume":"313","author":"Canolty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.09.001","article-title":"The functional role of cross-frequency coupling","volume":"14","author":"Canolty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062111-150444","article-title":"Mechanisms of Gamma Oscillations","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.10.010","article-title":"Working memory and neural oscillations: Alpha\u2013gamma versus theta\u2013gamma codes for distinct WM information?","volume":"18","author":"Roux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1185","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000001185","article-title":"Adjunctive use of hypnosis for clinical pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Jones","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain Rep."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-4694(98)00075-3","article-title":"Neurophysiological evaluation of pain","volume":"107","author":"Bromm","year":"1998","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2003.10.008","article-title":"Brain generators of laser-evoked potentials: From dipoles to functional significance","volume":"33","author":"Frot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurophysiol. Clin.\/Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2003.10.009","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of laser-evoked potentials","volume":"33","author":"Treede","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurophysiol. Clin.\/Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.04.019","article-title":"Updating P300: An integrative theory of P3a and P3b","volume":"118","author":"Polich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0511(02)00029-7","article-title":"High resolution EEG indicators of pain responses in relation to hypnotic susceptibility and suggestion","volume":"60","author":"Ray","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Pascalis, V., Varriale, V., and Cacace, I. (2015). Pain modulation in waking and hypnosis in women: Event-related potentials and sources of cortical activity. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128474"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(90)91168-I","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of hypnotically suggested hyperaesthesia and analgesia by painful laser stimulation","volume":"42","author":"Zachariae","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1080\/00207149408409341","article-title":"Laser-induced pain-related brain potentials and sensory pain ratings in high and low hypnotizable subjects during hypnotic suggestions of relaxation, dissociated imagery, focused analgesia, and placebo","volume":"42","author":"Zachariae","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(97)00208-X","article-title":"Different strategies of modulation can be operative during hypnotic analgesia: A neurophysiological study","volume":"75","author":"Danziger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1080\/00207149808409992","article-title":"Hypnotic analgesia: 1. Somatosensory event-related potential changes to noxious stimuli and 2. Transfer learning to reduce chronic low back pain","volume":"46","author":"Crawford","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(01)00586-7","article-title":"Somatosensory event-related potential and autonomic activity to varying pain reduction cognitive strategies in hypnosis","volume":"112","author":"Magurano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1080\/00207147508415945","article-title":"Evoked potentials and selective attention in subjects capable of hypnotic analgesia","volume":"23","author":"Amadeo","year":"1975","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(93)90078-4","article-title":"Hypnotic hypo-and hyperalgesia: Divergent effects on pain ratings and pain-related cerebral potentials","volume":"53","author":"Meier","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_128","first-page":"22","article-title":"Nociception ist nicht gleich Schmerz. Eine Studie ueber schmerzreizkorrelierte hirnelektrische Protentiale unter Hypnose (Nociception is not equivalent to pain. A study on pain-related brain electrical potentials while hypnotized)","volume":"10","author":"Miltner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hypn. Und Kognit."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3850768","article-title":"Laser-evoked potentials to noxious stimulation during hypnotic analgesia and distraction of attention suggest different brain mechanisms of pain control","volume":"38","author":"Friederich","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref_130","first-page":"77","article-title":"Hypnotic analgesia affects the processing of painful stimuli","volume":"38","author":"Williams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust. J. Clin. Exp. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.09.005","article-title":"Focused analgesia in waking and hypnosis: Effects on pain, memory, and somatosensory event-related potentials","volume":"134","author":"Cacace","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116104","article-title":"Neuroelectric evidences of top-down hypnotic modulation associated with somatosensory processing of sensory and limbic regions","volume":"202","author":"Perri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20160007","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0007","article-title":"Active interoceptive inference and the emotional brain","volume":"371","author":"Seth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/4580","article-title":"Predictive coding in the visual cortex: A functional interpretation of some extra-classical receptive-field effects","volume":"2","author":"Rao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hohwy, J. (2013). The Predictive Mind, OUP Oxford.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199682737.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-012-0475-5","article-title":"Predictions not commands: Active inference in the motor system","volume":"218","author":"Adams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001367","article-title":"Symptom perception, placebo effects, and the Bayesian brain","volume":"160","author":"Ongaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035644","article-title":"Hypnotic approaches for chronic pain management: Clinical implications of recent research findings","volume":"69","author":"Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2025.01.012","article-title":"Predictive coding: A more cognitive process than we thought?","volume":"29","author":"Gabhart","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2012.06.001","article-title":"The posterior insular-opercular region and the search of a primary cortex for pain","volume":"42","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurophysiol. Clin.\/Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2555","article-title":"How do you feel\u2014Now? The anterior insula and human awareness","volume":"10","author":"Craig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn894","article-title":"How do you feel? Interoception: The sense of the physiological condition of the body","volume":"3","author":"Craig","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-010-0262-0","article-title":"Saliency, switching, attention and control: A network model of insula function","volume":"214","author":"Menon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01483-2","article-title":"Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex","volume":"4","author":"Bush","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2994","article-title":"The integration of negative affect, pain and cognitive control in the cingulate cortex","volume":"12","author":"Shackman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.09.007","article-title":"Interoceptive inference, emotion, and the embodied self","volume":"17","author":"Seth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3495","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws129","article-title":"A Bayesian account of \u2018hysteria\u2019","volume":"135","author":"Edwards","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.01.015","article-title":"Symptoms and the body: Taking the inferential leap","volume":"74","author":"Petersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1162\/NETN_a_00018","article-title":"The graphical brain: Belief propagation and active inference","volume":"1","author":"Friston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Netw. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.09.001","article-title":"Active inference, homeostatic regulation and adaptive behavioural control","volume":"134","author":"Pezzulo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117212","article-title":"Hierarchical models of pain: Inference, information-seeking, and adaptive control","volume":"222","author":"Seymour","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00242-0","article-title":"Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: A state of the art","volume":"85","author":"Vlaeyen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12546","article-title":"Baseline brain activity predicts response to neuromodulatory pain treatment","volume":"15","author":"Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nash, M.R., and Barnier, A.J. (2008). Dissociation theories of hypnosis. The Oxford Handbook of Hypnosis: Theory, Research, and Practice, Oxford University Press Inc.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780198570097.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.02.002","article-title":"Hypnosis and top-down regulation of consciousness","volume":"81","author":"Terhune","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_156","first-page":"79","article-title":"Evozierte Potentiale unter hypnotischer Analgesie und Ablenkung bei Schmerz","volume":"13","author":"Schuler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hypn. Kognit."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8760(95)00050-X","article-title":"EEG asymmetry and heart rate during experience of hypnotic analgesia in high and low hypnotizables","volume":"21","author":"Perrone","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1080\/00207144.2019.1649544","article-title":"Hypnotic glove anesthesia induces skin temperature changes in adult volunteers: A prospective controlled pilot study","volume":"67","author":"Paqueron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.125.3.356","article-title":"Pain demands attention: A cognitive\u2013affective model of the interruptive function of pain","volume":"125","author":"Eccleston","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00007-6","article-title":"Cognitive modulation of pain: How do attention and emotion influence pain processing?","volume":"95","author":"Villemure","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611427919","article-title":"Distraction and Placebo Two Separate Routes to Pain Control","volume":"23","author":"Buhle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"nix004","DOI":"10.1093\/nc\/nix004","article-title":"New directions in hypnosis research: Strategies for advancing the cognitive and clinical neuroscience of hypnosis","volume":"2017","author":"Jensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Conscious."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2016.06.010","article-title":"Neural correlates of mindful self-awareness in mindfulness meditators and meditation-na\u00efve subjects revisited","volume":"119","author":"Lutz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.06.021","article-title":"From many to (n) one: Meditation and the plasticity of the predictive mind","volume":"128","author":"Laukkonen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.009","article-title":"Effects of non-pharmacological pain treatments on brain states","volume":"124","author":"Jensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milling, L.S. (2023). Hypnosis and chronic pain. Evidence-Based Practice in Clinical Hypnosis, American Psychological Association.","DOI":"10.1037\/0000347-000"},{"key":"ref_167","unstructured":"Sluka, K.A. (2026). Medical Management of Pain. Mechanisms and Management of Pain for the Physical Therapist, Elsevier Health Sciences."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.1994.10403122","article-title":"Clinical hypnosis as a nondeceptive placebo: Empirically derived techniques","volume":"37","author":"Kirsch","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_169","first-page":"99","article-title":"Hypnosis and placebos: Response expectancy as a mediator of suggestion effects","volume":"15","author":"Kirsch","year":"1999","journal-title":"An. Psicol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3538","article-title":"Hypnotic suggestion: Opportunities for cognitive neuroscience","volume":"14","author":"Oakley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.2014.976783","article-title":"Hypnosis, Suggestion, and Suggestibility: An Integrative Model","volume":"57","author":"Lynn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.2014.978496","article-title":"Hypnosis and Imaging of the Living Human Brain","volume":"57","author":"Landry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elkins, G.R. (2016). Neurophysiology of hypnosis. Handbook of Medical and Psychological Hypnosis: Foundations, Applications, and Professional Issues, Springer Publishing Company.","DOI":"10.1891\/9780826124876"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linden, J.H., De Benedittis, G., Sugarman, L.I., and Varga, K. (2024). EEG-Assessed Bandwidth Power and Hypnotic Analgesia. The Routledge International Handbook of Clinical Hypnosis, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003449126"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.106176","article-title":"Potential mediators of the effects of clinical hypnosis, mindfulness meditation, and pain education on chronic pain in Veterans","volume":"41","author":"Jensen","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Pain"}],"container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/16\/8\/779\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T04:16:22Z","timestamp":1784952982000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/16\/8\/779"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"references-count":175,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["brainsci16080779"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci16080779","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]}}}