{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:17:24Z","timestamp":1788499044765,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFC2510102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC2510102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82571386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82571386"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371225"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["82571386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82571386"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["82371225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371225"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"STI2030-Major Projects","award":["2021ZD0203205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0203205"]}]},{"name":"Excellent Youth Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","award":["2025JCJCQN-103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JCJCQN-103"]}]},{"name":"STI2030-Major Projects:","award":["2021ZD0203104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0203104"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sci.","Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Peripheral nerve injury drives persistent remodeling of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) microenvironment, but the cellular states and intercellular signaling mechanisms that sustain neuropathic pain remain poorly understood. Methods: Here, we integrated single-cell transcriptomics with histological, behavioral, and electrophysiological approaches to identify an interferon-responsive state in satellite glial cells (SGCs) of the DRG following spared nerve injury (SNI). Results: This state was distinguished by STAT1-associated interferon-responsive genes\u2019 activation and enhanced chemokine signaling, particularly involving CXCL10 and its receptor CXCR3. These molecular alterations were accompanied by remodeling of intercellular communication among SGCs, sensory neurons, and immune cells. Pharmacological inhibition of STAT1 or blockade of CXCR3 not only reduced sensory-neuron hyperexcitability but also attenuated pain hypersensitivity and improved deficits in hindlimb weight bearing and gait after SNI. Conclusions: Collectively, our findings indicate that interferon-responsive SGCs (IFN SGCs) contribute to the maintenance of neuropathic pain by regulating STAT1-dependent chemokine signaling in the DRG. Targeting this signaling pathway may provide a therapeutic strategy for persistent neuropathic pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci16090921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:41:18Z","timestamp":1788266478000},"page":"921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Peripheral Nerve Injury Induces an Interferon-Responsive State Centered on Satellite Glial Cells in the DRG That Sustains Neuropathic Pain Through STAT1 and CXCL10 Signaling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wenchao","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"},{"name":"The Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function Analysis and Modulation, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Futai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"},{"name":"The Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function Analysis and Modulation, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"},{"name":"The Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function Analysis and Modulation, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"},{"name":"The Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function Analysis and Modulation, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6835-6095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"},{"name":"The Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function Analysis and Modulation, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ceng","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"},{"name":"The Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function Analysis and Modulation, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7644-1492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rougang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"},{"name":"The Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function Analysis and Modulation, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2022.12.007","article-title":"Persistent nociceptor hyperactivity as a painful evolutionary adaptation","volume":"46","author":"Walters","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17002","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.2","article-title":"Neuropathic pain","volume":"3","author":"Colloca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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