{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:37:50Z","timestamp":1790386670758,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,26]],"date-time":"2016-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"VA Merit review grant 1I01BX000361","award":["1I01BX000361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1I01BX000361"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, in which a small naturally unfolded protein \u03b1-synuclein plays an essential role. \u03b1-Synuclein belongs to a synuclein family comprising three members: \u03b1, \u03b2, and \u03b3-synucleins associated with neurodegenerative and neoplastic diseases and involved in development. Several studies revealed that \u03b1-synuclein is present not only in the brain, but also in the skin and other peripheral tissues. This finding open a new approach to PD diagnosis based on the assay of \u03b1-synuclein from a biological sample of a living patient. Furthermore, PD is associated with an increased risk of skin melanoma. An important posttranslational modification of \u03b1-synuclein is phosphorylation at serine-129, which may convert the protein into pathological species both in PD and melanoma. Thus, analysis of phosphorylated \u03b1-synuclein might be an important diagnostic test for both diseases providing additional information about the mechanism of pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci6020017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,26]],"date-time":"2016-05-26T12:13:20Z","timestamp":1464264800000},"page":"17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Assay of Phosphorylated \u03b1-Synuclein in Skin Biopsy for Early Diagnosis and Association with Melanoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0972-3948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei","family":"Surguchov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, 3901, Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg068","article-title":"Incidence of Parkinson\u2019s disease: Variation by age, gender, and race\/ethnicity","volume":"157","author":"Tanner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. 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