{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T03:27:00Z","timestamp":1785209220065,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]],"date-time":"2017-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Many emotionally-disturbed children who have been maltreated and are legally separated from their parents or primary caregivers live in group homes and receive compulsory education. Such institutions provide various special intervention programs. Taiko-ensou, a Japanese style of group drumming, is one such program because playing drums in a group may improve children\u2019s emotional well-being. However, evidence for its efficacy has not been well established at the biological level. In this study, we measured salivary levels of oxytocin (OT), a neuropeptide associated with social memory and communication, in three conditions (recital, practice, and free sessions) in four classes of school-aged children. Following the sessions, OT concentrations showed changes in various degrees and directions (no change, increases, or decreases). The mean OT concentration changes after each session increased, ranging from 112% to 165%. Plasma OT concentrations were equally sensitive to drum playing in school-aged boys and girls. However, the difference between practice and free play sessions was only significant among elementary school boys aged 8\u201312 years. The results suggest that younger boys are most responsive to this type of educational music intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci7110152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]],"date-time":"2017-11-16T11:10:02Z","timestamp":1510830602000},"page":"152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Salivary Oxytocin Concentration Changes during a Group Drumming Intervention for Maltreated School Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7200-0040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teruko","family":"Yuhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Kyuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lumbini Gakuen Ayabe, A Short-Term Therapeutic Institution for Emotionally Disturbed Children, Social Welfare Juridical Corporation Lumbini-en, Ayabe, Kyoto 629-1244, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisa-aki","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lumbini Gakuen Ayabe, A Short-Term Therapeutic Institution for Emotionally Disturbed Children, Social Welfare Juridical Corporation Lumbini-en, Ayabe, Kyoto 629-1244, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lumbini Gakuen Ayabe, A Short-Term Therapeutic Institution for Emotionally Disturbed Children, Social Welfare Juridical Corporation Lumbini-en, Ayabe, Kyoto 629-1244, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazumi","family":"Furuhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Okuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lumbini Gakuen Ayabe, A Short-Term Therapeutic Institution for Emotionally Disturbed Children, Social Welfare Juridical Corporation Lumbini-en, Ayabe, Kyoto 629-1244, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daikei","family":"Fuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lumbini Gakuen Ayabe, A Short-Term Therapeutic Institution for Emotionally Disturbed Children, Social Welfare Juridical Corporation Lumbini-en, Ayabe, Kyoto 629-1244, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruhiro","family":"Higashida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1364.024","article-title":"Neurobiological consequences of early stress and childhood maltreatment: Are results from human and animal studies comparable?","volume":"1071","author":"Teicher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. 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