{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:08:04Z","timestamp":1790312884868,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]],"date-time":"2018-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Octodrine is the trade name for Dimethylhexylamine (DMHA), a central nervous stimulant that increases the uptake of dopamine and noradrenaline. Originally developed as a nasal decongestant in the 1950\u2019s, it has recently been re-introduced on the market as a pre-workout and \u2018fat-burner\u2019 product but its use remains unregulated. Our work provides the first observational cross-sectional analytic study on Octodrine as a new drug trend and its associated harms after a gap spanning seven decades. Methods: A comprehensive multilingual assessment of literature, websites, drug fora and other online resources was carried out with no time restriction in English, German, Russian and Arabic. Keywords included Octodrine\u2019s synonyms and chemical isomers. Results: Only five relevant publications emerged from the literature search, with most of the available data on body building websites and fora. Since 2015, Octodrine has been advertised online as \u201cthe next big thing\u201d and \u201cthe god of stimulants,\u201d with captivating marketing strategies directed at athletes and a wider cohort of users. Reported side-effects include hypertension, dyspnoea and hyperthermia. Conclusions: The uncontrolled use of Octodrine, its physiological and psychoactive effects raise serious health implications with possible impact on athletes and doping practices. This new phenomenon needs to be thoroughly studied and monitored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci8020034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]],"date-time":"2018-02-20T11:56:13Z","timestamp":1519127773000},"page":"34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Octodrine: New Questions and Challenges in Sport Supplements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Valeria","family":"Catalani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Topical Drug Delivery and Toxicology, University of Hertfordshire, Herts SP9 11FA, UK"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Clinical Science, University of Hertfordshire, Herts AL10 9AB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9099-316X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariya","family":"Prilutskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semey State Medical University, Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Pavlodar 140002, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1846-9424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Al-Imam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1846-9424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanna","family":"Marrinan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Houses of Parliament, London SW1A 0AA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1310-7838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmine","family":"Elgharably","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Navy General Hospital, Cardiovascular department, Alexandria 21513, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4848-2737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mire","family":"Zloh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Clinical Science, University of Hertfordshire, Herts AL10 9AB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Martinotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, \u201cG.d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Chilcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Topical Drug Delivery and Toxicology, University of Hertfordshire, Herts SP9 11FA, UK"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Clinical Science, University of Hertfordshire, Herts AL10 9AB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7371-319X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ornella","family":"Corazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Clinical Science, University of Hertfordshire, Herts AL10 9AB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2299","article-title":"Promoting Innovation and excellence to face the rapid diffusion of Novel Psychoactive Substances in the EU: The outcomes of the ReDNet project","volume":"28","author":"Corazza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. 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