{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:16:35Z","timestamp":1790831795648,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,24]],"date-time":"2018-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the advances in psychopharmacology and established psychotherapeutic interventions, more than 40% of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) do not respond to conventional treatment approaches. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been recently proposed as a therapeutic tool to alleviate treatment-resistant symptoms in patients with OCD. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art and future clinical applications of tDCS in patients with OCD. A literature search conducted on the PubMed database following PRISMA guidelines and completed by a manual search yielded 12 results: eight case reports, three open-label studies (with 5, 8, and 42 participants), and one randomized trial with two active conditions (12 patients). There was no sham-controlled study. A total of 77 patients received active tDCS with a large diversity of electrode montages mainly targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex or the (pre-) supplementary motor area. Despite methodological limitations and the heterogeneity of stimulation parameters, tDCS appears to be a promising tool to decrease obsessive-compulsive symptoms as well as comorbid depression and anxiety in patients with treatment-resistant OCD. Further sham-controlled studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci8020037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]],"date-time":"2018-02-27T03:36:12Z","timestamp":1519702572000},"page":"37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Brunelin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PSY-R2 team, F-69000 Lyon, France"},{"name":"CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PSY-R2 Team, F-69000 Lyon, France"},{"name":"University Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier, F-69678 Bron, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3175-8503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marine","family":"Mondino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PSY-R2 team, F-69000 Lyon, France"},{"name":"CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PSY-R2 Team, F-69000 Lyon, France"},{"name":"University Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier, F-69678 Bron, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9my","family":"Bation","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PSY-R2 team, F-69000 Lyon, France"},{"name":"CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PSY-R2 Team, F-69000 Lyon, France"},{"name":"University Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier, F-69678 Bron, France"},{"name":"Psychiatry Unit,Wertheimer Hospital, CHU Lyon, F-69500 Bron, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5446-8237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrich","family":"Palm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, D-80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Saoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PSY-R2 team, F-69000 Lyon, France"},{"name":"CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PSY-R2 Team, F-69000 Lyon, France"},{"name":"University Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier, F-69678 Bron, France"},{"name":"Psychiatry Unit,Wertheimer Hospital, CHU Lyon, F-69500 Bron, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Poulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PSY-R2 team, F-69000 Lyon, France"},{"name":"CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PSY-R2 Team, F-69000 Lyon, France"},{"name":"University Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier, F-69678 Bron, France"},{"name":"Psychiatry Emergency Unit, Edouard Herriot Hospital, CHU, F-69000 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.94","article-title":"The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"15","author":"Ruscio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. 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