{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T12:58:59Z","timestamp":1780491539415,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,7]],"date-time":"2019-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infectious disease caused by the Coccidioides species endemic to Southwestern United States. Symptomatic patients typically present as community-acquired pneumonia. Uncommonly, in about 1% of infections, hematogenous extra pulmonary systemic dissemination involving skin, musculoskeletal system, and meninges occur. Disseminated spinal infection is treated with antifungal drugs and\/or surgical treatment. A retrospective review of medical records at our institution was done between January 2009 to December 2018 and we present three cases of spinal coccidioidomycosis and review the current literature. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis can lead to spondylitis that can present as discitis or a localized spinal or paraspinal abscess. Spinal coccidioidomycosis is typically managed with antifungal treatments but can include surgical treatment in the setting poor response to medical therapy, intractable pain, presence of neurological deficits due to compression, or structural spinal instability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci9070160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]],"date-time":"2019-07-08T03:01:31Z","timestamp":1562554891000},"page":"160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis to the Spine\u2014Case Series and Review of Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Ramanathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Sahasrabudhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2012.03.006","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis infection presenting with thoracic spinal pain","volume":"4","author":"Fusco","year":"2012","journal-title":"PM R."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2010.02.041","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis of the spine in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"77","author":"Reach","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jt. 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