{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T06:13:53Z","timestamp":1762409633918,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The inflammatory pathway in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leads to delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The role of IL-1\u03b1 has never been evaluated in a rabbit SAH model. The aim of our study is to analyze systemic and CSF changes of IL-1\u03b1, and to evaluate potential associations with the onset of DCVS in a rabbit closed cranium SAH model. Methods: 17 New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into two groups, SAH (n = 12) and sham (n = 5). In the first group, SAH was induced by extracranial-intracranial shunting from the subclavian artery into the cerebral cistern of magna under intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. The sham group served as a control. The CSF and blood samples for IL-1\u03b1 measurement were taken at day zero before SAH induction and at day three. Results: There was a significant increase of ICP (p = 0.00009) and a decrease of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) (p = 0.00089) during SAH induction. At follow up, there was a significant increase of systemic IL-1\u03b1 in the SAH as compared with the sham group (p = 0.042). There was no statistically significant difference in the CSF values in both groups. The CSF IL-1\u03b1 values showed a correlation trend of DCVS. Conclusions: Systemic IL-1\u03b1 levels are elevated after SAH induction in a rabbit SAH model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci9100249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T03:51:18Z","timestamp":1569383478000},"page":"249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Systemic and CSF Interleukin-1\u03b1 Expression in a Rabbit Closed Cranium Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model: An Exploratory Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Davide Marco","family":"Croci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Cerebrovascular Research Group, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Regional Hospital Lugano, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Wanderer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebrovascular Research Group, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Strange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebrovascular Research Group, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basil E.","family":"Gr\u00fcter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebrovascular Research Group, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Casoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sivani","family":"Sivanrupan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebrovascular Research Group, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans Rudolf","family":"Widmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Di Santo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Fandino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebrovascular Research Group, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Mariani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6305-7571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serge","family":"Marbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebrovascular Research Group, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"245","article-title":"The relationship between IL-6, ET-1 and cerebral vasospasm, in experimental rabbit subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"63","author":"Croci","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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