{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:47:53Z","timestamp":1790682473268,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,24]],"date-time":"2019-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: To compare early visual changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with healthy controls in a baseline exploration, to follow-up the patients after 6 months, and to correlate these visual changes with neurological disability. Methods: All patients underwent a comprehensive neurological and ophthalmological examination. A linear mixed analysis and Bonferroni p-value correction were performed, testing four comparisons as follows: Control baseline vs. control follow-up, control baseline vs. ALS baseline, control follow-up vs. ALS follow-up, and ALS baseline vs. ALS follow-up. Results: The mean time from the diagnosis was 10.80 \u00b1 5.5 months. The analysis of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed: (1) In ALS baseline vs. control baseline, a macular significantly increased thickness of the inner macular ring temporal and inferior areas; (2) in ALS follow-up vs. ALS baseline, a significant macular thinning in the inner and outer macular ring inferior areas; (3) in ALS follow-up vs. ALS baseline, a significant peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thinning in the superior and inferior quadrants; and (4) ALS patients showed a moderate correlation between some OCT pRNFL parameters and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) score. Conclusion: The OCT showed retinal changes in patients with motoneuron disease and could serve as a complementary tool for studying ALS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci9120337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T03:10:00Z","timestamp":1574651400000},"page":"337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Changes in Retinal OCT and Their Correlations with Neurological Disability in Early ALS Patients, a Follow-Up Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9137-2261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"Rojas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General University Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Ophthalmic Institute of Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"de Hoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ram\u00f3n Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2656-4723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ram\u00f3n Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2914-2593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Ferreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragonese Institute of Health Sciences, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5939-5551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Salobrar-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ram\u00f3n Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, ALS-Neuromuscular Unit, Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Health Research Institute, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Urcelay-Segura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General University Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Ophthalmic Institute of Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5480-5902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ram\u00f3n Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5145-5094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ram\u00f3n Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Update and new developments","volume":"2012","author":"Pratt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Degener. 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