{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T21:32:06Z","timestamp":1782509526016,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 106-2221-E-010-010-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 106-2221-E-010-010-MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Health Research Institute Taiwan","award":["NHRI-EX106-10526EI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI-EX106-10526EI"]}]},{"name":"National Yang-Ming University and Shin-Kong Wu-Ho Su Memorial Hospital Research Program","award":["107GB006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107GB006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple system atrophy cerebellar type (MSA-C) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) demonstrate similar manifestations, including ataxia, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs, as well as atrophy and signal intensity changes in the cerebellum and brainstem. MSA-C and SCA3 cannot be clinically differentiated through T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alone; therefore, clinical consensus criteria and genetic testing are also required. Here, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to measure water molecular diffusion of white matter and investigate the difference between MSA-C and SCA3. Four measurements were calculated from DTI images, including fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD). Fifteen patients with MSA-C, 15 patients with SCA3, and 30 healthy individuals participated in this study. Both patient groups demonstrated a significantly decreased FA but a significantly increased AD, RD, and MD in the cerebello-ponto-cerebral tracts. Moreover, patients with SCA3 demonstrated a significant decrease in FA but more significant increases in AD, RD, and MD in the cerebello-cerebral tracts than patients with MSAC. Our results may suggest that FA and MD can be effectively used for differentiating SCA3 and MSA-C, both of which are cerebellar ataxias and have many common atrophied regions in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci9120354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T04:30:35Z","timestamp":1575433835000},"page":"354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Differentiating Multiple System Atrophy Cerebellar Type and Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Chi-Wen","family":"Jao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"},{"name":"Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing-Wen","family":"Soong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11041, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Wen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-An","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Chun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Te","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"},{"name":"Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Shan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"},{"name":"Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"},{"name":"The Neurological Institute, Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital, Taipei 11261, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-51892-7.00027-9","article-title":"Machado\u2013Joseph disease\/spinocerebellar ataxia type 3","volume":"103","author":"Paulson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Handb. 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