{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:03:45Z","timestamp":1790906625119,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001475","name":"Nanyang Technological University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NAP-SUG M4081597"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NAP-SUG M4081597"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001475","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001459","name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG55\/18 2018-T1-001-172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG55\/18 2018-T1-001-172"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001459","name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG55\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG55\/15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001459","name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOE2016-SSRTG-017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOE2016-SSRTG-017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Healthy dyadic interactions serve as a foundation for child development and are typically characterised by mutual emotional availability of both the parent and child. However, several parental factors might undermine optimal parent\u2013child interactions, including the parent\u2019s current parenting stress levels and the parent\u2019s past bonding experiences with his\/her own parents. To date, no study has investigated the possible interaction of parenting stress and parental bonding history with their own parents on the quality of emotional availability during play interactions. In this study, 29 father\u2013child dyads (18 boys, 11 girls; father\u2019s age = 38.07 years, child\u2019s age = 42.21 months) and 36 mother\u2013child dyads (21 boys, 15 girls; mother\u2019s age = 34.75 years, child\u2019s age = 41.72 months) from different families were recruited to participate in a 10-min play session after reporting on their current parenting stress and past care and overprotection experience with their parents. We measured the emotional availability of mother\u2013child and father\u2013child play across four adult subscales (i.e., sensitivity, structuring, non-intrusiveness, non-hostility) and two child subscales (i.e., involvement and responsiveness). Regression slope analyses showed that parenting stress stemming from having a difficult child predicts adult non-hostility, and is moderated by the parents\u2019 previously experienced maternal overprotection. When parenting stress is low, higher maternal overprotection experienced by the parent in the past would predict greater non-hostility during play. This finding suggests that parents\u2019 present stress levels and past bonding experiences with their parents interact to influence the quality of dyadic interaction with their child.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs10070114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T10:41:09Z","timestamp":1594118469000},"page":"114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Parents\u2019 Past Bonding Experience with Their Parents Interacts with Current Parenting Stress to Influence the Quality of Interaction with Their Child"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8809-5635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atiqah","family":"Azhari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0832-8134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariel Wan Ting","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4534-6123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengyu","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5176-2855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan Paolo Macapinlac","family":"Balagtas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9846-5767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Gabrieli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7830-5977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peipei","family":"Setoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9442-0254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"},{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bornstein, M.H. 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