{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:13:42Z","timestamp":1787238822976,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although psychological factors are known to affect bladder and bowel control, the occurrence of functional urinary disorders in patients with psychiatric disorders has not been well-studied or described. A higher prevalence of functional lower urinary tract disorders have also been reported amongst patients with obsessive-compulsive (OC) disorders. A systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, OVID Medline, PsycINFO, Clinical Trials Register of the Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Group (CCDANTR), Clinicaltrials.gov and Google Scholar databases found five observational studies on the topic. Unfortunately, as only one study had a (healthy) control group, a meta-analytic approach was not possible. Overall, patients with OC symptoms appeared to have increased occurrence of functional urinary symptoms, e.g., overactive bladder, increase in urgency, frequency, incontinence and enuresis. This was even more common amongst patients with Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) or Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) as opposed to patients with OCD alone. Several biological and behavioural mechanisms and treatment approaches were discussed. However, as the current evidence base was significantly limited and had moderate to serious risk of bias, no strong inferences could be drawn. Further well-designed cohort studies are necessary to better elucidate the observed associations and their management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs11060089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T11:20:26Z","timestamp":1623928826000},"page":"89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders and Functional Urinary Disorders: A Fortuitous Association?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8561-2513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qin Xiang","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MOH Holdings Pte Ltd., 1 Maritime Square, Singapore 099253, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Liang","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOH Holdings Pte Ltd., 1 Maritime Square, Singapore 099253, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayren","family":"Loke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOH Holdings Pte Ltd., 1 Maritime Square, Singapore 099253, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wee Song","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mount Elizabeth Hospital, 3 Mount Elizabeth, Singapore 228510, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuan Tsee","family":"Chee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Community Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green, Medical Park, Singapore 539747, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-011-0013-0","article-title":"The greatest taboo: Urinary incontinence as a source of shame and embarrassment","volume":"123","author":"Elenskaia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wien. 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