{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T07:43:27Z","timestamp":1784792607795,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Good management of diabetes requires at the same time self-regulation behaviour and a balanced involvement of family components. This cross-sectional study\u2019s aims were: understanding fear of injections and perceptions of family conflicts in preadolescents and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their mothers, comparing their perceptions, and identifying the risk factors impacting patients\u2019 quality of life. Eligibility criteria were: treatment for diabetes mellitus type I, currently aged 10\u201318 years, attending the hospital for annual hospital follow-ups. Exclusion criteria were: intellectual disabilities, inability to complete questionnaires alone and neuropsychiatric illness with active pharmacotherapy. The study design was cross-sectional. Participants were one hundred and two patients (Mean age = 14.6, SD = 2.4; age range = 10\u201319 years; Females = 52 and Males = 50) and their mothers (Mean age = 46.9, SD = 6.2, age range = 27\u201363 years), who filled in self and proxy-report questionnaires (N total= 204). The results showed that 20% of patients and 14.7% of their mothers reported clinical scores for fear of self-injection and blood testing. The mothers reported lower fear of injecting and higher family conflicts compared with the patients. Age, fear of injecting and family conflicts were significantly associated with patients\u2019 quality of life perceptions. Clinical considerations and recommendations are given based on the empirical results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs11070098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T11:36:44Z","timestamp":1625571404000},"page":"98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Health-Related Quality of Life, Family Conflicts and Fear of Injecting: Perception Differences between Preadolescents and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes and Their Mothers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0392-4332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Tremolada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Social Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Cusinato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Azienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 di Padova, 35127 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0143-572X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Bonichini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Social Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Fabris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Azienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 di Padova, 35127 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Gabrielli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Azienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 di Padova, 35127 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Azienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 di Padova, 35127 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107842","article-title":"Worldwide estimates of incidence, prevalence and mortality of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition","volume":"157","author":"Patterson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. 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