{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:55:29Z","timestamp":1760147729805,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["2021A1515012516","2021WTSCX020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515012516","2021WTSCX020"]}]},{"name":"Characteristic Innovation Project of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province (Philosophy and Social Science of Educational Science)","award":["2021A1515012516","2021WTSCX020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515012516","2021WTSCX020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the last decade, new-type drugs have been replacing traditional-type drugs in China. However, studies of implicit attitudes towards new-type drugs are insufficient and contradictory results exist. Previous studies have suggested that implicit attitudes and relapse tendencies are a dual structure model, but that is for traditional or mixed drug addicts. For new drug addicts, is the dual structure model completely suitable or partially supported? This study attempts to explore this point. At a drug rehabilitation center, we randomly selected 50 abstainers (25 males and 25 females; age range: 21\u201341 years) who only took new-type drugs prior to abstention to participate in this study. Participants complete the General Situation Questionnaire, the Drug Use Characteristics Questionnaire, the Drug Relapse Risk Scale (DRRS), and the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT). The relationship between implicit attitudes and relapse tendencies of new-type drug abstainers towards new-type drugs was investigated. The results showed: (1) abstainers had negative attitudes towards new-type drugs, and the data had statistical correlation with abstainers\u2019 drug use characteristics and each relapse risk index; (2) females held relatively positive implicit attitudes towards new-type drugs; (3) being female and divorced could significantly predict abstainers\u2019 implicit attitudes; (4) there is no significant correlation between implicit attitudes and relapse tendencies of new-type drug abstainers towards new-type drugs, which partially supports the dual structure model; (5) fender influences the self-assessment of relapse probability. Compared with traditional or mixed drug addicts, the dual structure model is only partially supported for new-type drug abstainers towards new-type drugs. That is because being female and divorced are the main factors influencing implicit attitudes and relapse tendencies. A few women or divorced people regard consuming new drugs as the source of happiness and forget the harm brought by the drugs themselves in their implicit attitude, which leads to more drug abuse in their explicit behavior. Therefore, we should pay more attention to women who have become new-type drug addicts and pay special attention to the impact of divorce.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs13030200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T03:01:01Z","timestamp":1677207661000},"page":"200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Implicit Attitudes of New-Type Drug Abstainers towards New-Type Drugs and Their Relapse Tendencies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2526-8682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangming","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"},{"name":"Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2147","article-title":"The reconstruction of rehabilitation for addictives and drug abuses in human rights perspective","volume":"11","author":"Prastiyo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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