{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T12:16:41Z","timestamp":1785500201401,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["R01 HD093624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD093624"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding the type and frequency of current neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) therapy services and predictors of referral for therapy services is a crucial first step to supporting positive long-term outcomes in very preterm infants. This study enrolled 83 very preterm infants (&lt;32 weeks, gestational age mean 26.5 \u00b1 2.0 weeks; 38 male) from a longitudinal clinical trial. Race, neonatal medical index, neuroimaging, and frequency of therapy sessions were extracted from medical records. The Test of Infant Motor Performance and the General Movement Assessment were administered. Average weekly sessions of occupational therapy, physical therapy, and speech therapy were significantly different by type, but the magnitude and direction of the difference depended upon the discharge week. Infants at high risk for cerebral palsy based on their baseline General Movements Assessment scores received more therapy sessions than infants at low risk for cerebral palsy. Baseline General Movements Assessment was related to the mean number of occupational therapy sessions but not physical therapy or speech therapy sessions. Neonatal Medical Index scores and Test of Infant Motor Performance scores were not predictive of combined therapy services. Medical and developmental risk factors, as well as outcomes from therapy assessments, should be the basis for referral for therapy services in the neonatal intensive care unit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs13060481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T02:02:28Z","timestamp":1686189748000},"page":"481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Factors Influencing Receipt and Type of Therapy Services in the NICU"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Christiana D.","family":"Butera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaaron E.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Motor Development Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Burnsed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Division of Neonatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodi","family":"Darring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy D.","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6367-0373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen D.","family":"Hendricks-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Richmond at VCU, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23284, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Hyde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4971-2159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey E.","family":"Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Motor Development Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meagan R.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Motor Development Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard D.","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Richmond at VCU, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23284, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6158-7082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine M.","family":"Spence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Counseling and Special Education, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leroy R.","family":"Thacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23284, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3847-3893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stacey C.","family":"Dusing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"},{"name":"Motor Development Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: Final data for 2020","volume":"70","author":"Osterman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Natl. 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