{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T03:42:25Z","timestamp":1788406945346,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01MH092221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01MH092221"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01MH092250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01MH092250"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25MH101078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25MH101078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Translational Research Activities in Neuropsychiatry (TRAIN)","award":["U01MH092221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01MH092221"]}]},{"name":"Translational Research Activities in Neuropsychiatry (TRAIN)","award":["U01MH092250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01MH092250"]}]},{"name":"Translational Research Activities in Neuropsychiatry (TRAIN)","award":["R25MH101078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25MH101078"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The probabilistic reward task (PRT) has identified reward learning impairments in those with major depressive disorder (MDD), as well as anhedonia-specific reward learning impairments. However, attempts to validate the anhedonia-specific impairments have produced inconsistent findings. Thus, we seek to determine whether the Reward Behavior Disengagement (RBD), our proposed economic augmentation of PRT, differs between MDD participants and controls, and whether there is a level at which RBD is high enough for depressed participants to be considered objectively disengaged. Data were gathered as part of the Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care (EMBARC) study, a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of antidepressant response. Participants included 195 individuals with moderate to severe MDD (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS\u2013SR) score \u2265 15), not in treatment for depression, and with complete PRT data. Healthy controls (n = 40) had no history of psychiatric illness, a QIDS\u2013SR score &lt; 8, and complete PRT data. Participants with MDD were treated with sertraline or placebo for 8 weeks (stage I of the EMBARC trial). RBD was applied to PRT data using discriminant analysis, and classified MDD participants as reward task engaged (n = 137) or reward task disengaged (n = 58), relative to controls. Reward task engaged\/disengaged groups were compared on sociodemographic features, reward\u2013behavior, and sertraline\/placebo response (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores). Reward task disengaged MDD participants responded only to sertraline, whereas those who were reward task engaged responded to sertraline and placebo (F(1293) = 4.33, p = 0.038). Reward task engaged\/disengaged groups did not differ otherwise. RBD was predictive of reward impairment in depressed patients and may have clinical utility in identifying patients who will benefit from antidepressants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs13080619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T01:09:01Z","timestamp":1690333741000},"page":"619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reward Behavior Disengagement, a Neuroeconomic Model-Based Objective Measure of Reward Pathology in Depression: Findings from the EMBARC Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0226-3253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Giles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal M.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr. Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"},{"name":"Jane and John Justin Neurosciences Center, Cook Children\u2019s Health Care System, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2764-2391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manish K.","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr. Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cherise R.","family":"Chin Fatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr. Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego A.","family":"Pizzagalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA"},{"name":"McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5992-6081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taryn L.","family":"Mayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr. Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian A.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA"},{"name":"McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy L.","family":"Greer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr. Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Etkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Trombello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr. Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry W.","family":"Chase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary L.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melvin G.","family":"McInnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Carmody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramin V.","family":"Parsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myrna","family":"Weissman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benji T.","family":"Kurian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Fava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA"},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhukar H.","family":"Trivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr. Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2011.02.018","article-title":"Deficits in sustaining reward responses in subsyndromal and syndromal major depression","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. 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