{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:27:56Z","timestamp":1760146076483,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["3 P20 GM103653-09S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3 P20 GM103653-09S1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic officially started in March 2020 and ended in May 2023. Preventive behaviors have been proven to be one of the most effective strategies for preventing COVID-19 transmission. Common preventive behaviors against COVID-19 include but are not limited to wearing a face mask, washing and sanitizing one\u2019s hands frequently, avoiding crowds, and avoiding traveling. Underserved communities and racial\/ethnic minorities across the U.S. have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a three-wave longitudinal survey conducted from early 2021 to late 2022, the present study investigated changes in the adoption of COVID-19-preventive behaviors among residents living in Delaware\u2019s most underserved communities. We also examined whether changes in COVID-19-preventive behaviors differed by race. Our results indicated that fewer people adopted preventive behaviors as the pandemic progressed, and this finding is applicable to both Black people and White people. However, Black people had a consistently greater likelihood of adopting preventive behaviors compared to White people from early 2021 to late 2022. Scientific and policy implications are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs14100890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T11:08:47Z","timestamp":1727780927000},"page":"890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preventive Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Delaware\u2019s Underserved Communities: A Longitudinal Study (2021\u20132022)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sharron Xuanren","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Bell Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kylie","family":"Trask","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorothy","family":"Dillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neighborhood Revitalization and Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borjas, G.J. (2020). Demographic Determinants of Testing Incidence and COVID-19 Infections in New York City Neighborhoods, National Bureau of Economic Research. No. w26952;.","DOI":"10.3386\/w26952"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmitt-Groh\u00e9, S., Teoh, K., and Uribe, M. (2020). COVID-19: Testing Inequality in New York City, National Bureau of Economic Research. No. w27019;.","DOI":"10.3386\/w27019"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.32481\/djph.2021.022","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Delaware\u2019s underserved communities","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Del. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s44155-022-00013-1","article-title":"COVID-19 testing in Delaware\u2019s underserved communities: Demographic and social determinants of testing inequality","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Discov. 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Health Addict."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S., and Kim, S. (2020). Analysis of the impact of health beliefs and resource factors on preventive behaviors against the COVID-19 pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228666"}],"container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-328X\/14\/10\/890\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:08:53Z","timestamp":1760112533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-328X\/14\/10\/890"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["bs14100890"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bs14100890","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-328X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-328X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]}}}