{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:33:09Z","timestamp":1790620389948,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2022-137601OA-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-137601OA-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022I004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022I004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003751","name":"Spanish Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2022-137601OA-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-137601OA-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003751","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003751","name":"Spanish Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022I004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022I004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003751","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The college years represent a crucial developmental period in which unhealthy behaviors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, inadequate physical activity (PA), poor sleep quality, and unhealthy nutrition habits are often acquired, influencing the onset or exacerbation of pre-existing mental disturbances such as anxiety, depression, or difficulties in emotion regulation. Our aim was to analyze the effect of the intensity of physical activity (PA) on the emotional, behavioral, and cognitive variables in a sample of young people. We recruited 103 participants (19.85 \u00b1 0.25) who completed several online questionnaires (IPAQ-SF, STAI-t, DERS, UPPS-P, ISP-20, and Mini-IPIP). Subsequently, face-to-face sessions were conducted to assess the cognitive variables and to collect more details about their lifestyle habits, including drug use, sleep quality, and leisure activities. Based on the IPAQ-SF results, we categorized the sample into three groups: light PA (n = 47), moderate PA (n = 29), and vigorous PA (n = 27). Vigorous PA group showed better emotional regulation, lower impulsivity, fewer prefrontal symptoms and unhealthy behaviors, better sleep quality, and more leisure activities. No significant cognitive differences were found. It seems that young people are a vulnerable group with emotional and impulsivity traits and engaging in intense PA appears to be a promising avenue for managing these symptoms. In conclusion, our study suggests that young people are a vulnerable group with emotional and impulsivity traits that may precipitate in future mental disorders. Nevertheless, engaging in PA, particularly at high intensity, appears to be a promising avenue for reducing and managing these symptoms during this critical period of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs14100935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T04:42:15Z","timestamp":1729140135000},"page":"935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Intensity of Physical Activity in Young People: Focus on Emotional, Cognitive, and Healthy Lifestyle-Related Variables"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9225-5535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e1n S.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Biol\u00f3gica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9380-6497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rom\u00e1n D.","family":"Moreno-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Educaci\u00f3n y Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 29223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3601-0177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Cordellat-Marzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Educaci\u00f3n F\u00edsica y Deportiva, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7088-6327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Sampedro-Piquero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Biol\u00f3gica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.5.469","article-title":"Emerging adulthood. A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties","volume":"55","author":"Arnett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.07.044","article-title":"Mental health problems in college freshmen: Prevalence and academic functioning","volume":"225","author":"Bruffaerts","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Erickson, E.H. (1968). Identity Youth Crisis New York, W.W. Norton Company."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Limone, P., and Toto, G.A. (2022). Factors That Predispose Undergraduates to Mental Issues: A Cumulative Literature Review for Future Research Perspectives. Front. Public Health, 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.831349"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s40596-014-0205-9","article-title":"College Students: Mental Health Problems and Treatment Considerations","volume":"39","author":"Pedrelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acad. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1080\/03075070903216643","article-title":"Changes in undergraduate students\u2019 psychological well-being as they progress through university","volume":"35","author":"Bewick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stud. High. Educ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1177\/0890117118817715","article-title":"Sport and physical activity level impacts health-related quality of life among collegiate students","volume":"33","author":"Snedden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Promot."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"3","article-title":"The effects of mental health problems in childhood and adolescence in young adults: Results of the KiGGS cohort","volume":"6","author":"Schlack","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Health Monit."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e141","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796020000530","article-title":"Depression and anxiety in early adulthood: Consequences for finding a partner, and relationship support and conflict","volume":"29","author":"Leach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2019.1681364","article-title":"Relationships between trait emotion dysregulation and emotional experiences in daily life: An experience sampling study","volume":"34","author":"Daros","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cogn. Emot."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200604000-00014","article-title":"Emotion regulation in children and adolescents","volume":"27","author":"Zeman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000111","article-title":"Parsing the heterogeneity of impulsivity: A meta-analytic review of the behavioral implications of the UPPS for psychopathology","volume":"27","author":"Berg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.018","article-title":"UPPS-P impulsive personality traits and adolescent cigarette smoking: A meta-analysis","volume":"197","author":"Bos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol. Depend."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.03.003","article-title":"Impulsivity-related personality traits and adolescent alcohol use: A meta-analytic review","volume":"33","author":"Stautz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2017.10.019","article-title":"Drug use, family support and related factors in university students. A cross-sectional study based on the uniHcos Project data","volume":"33","author":"Molina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gac. Sanit."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-021-03035-5","article-title":"Physical activity and quality of life among college students without comorbidities for cardiometabolic diseases: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Abrantes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.2002.1048","article-title":"Trends in smoking, diet, physical exercise, and attitudes toward health in European university students from 13 countries, 1990\u20132000","volume":"35","author":"Steptoe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2011.72.106","article-title":"Adolescents\u2019 reported reasons for alcohol and marijuana use as predictors of substance use and problems in adulthood","volume":"72","author":"Patrick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.14854","article-title":"The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans","volume":"320","author":"Piercy","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/00001504-200503000-00013","article-title":"Exercise and well-being: A review of mental and physical health benefits associated with physical activity","volume":"18","author":"Penedo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Huang, Z., Si, W., and Shao, T. (2022). The Effects of Physical Activity on Positive Emotions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192114185"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gmmash, A., Alonazi, A., Almaddah, M., Alkhateeb, A., Sabir, O., and Alqabbani, S. (2023). Influence of an 8-week exercise program on physical, emotional, and mental health in saudi adolescents: A pilot study. Medicina, 59.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59050883"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clemente, F.M., Nikolaidis, P.T., Martins, F.M., and Mendes, R.S. (2016). Physical activity patterns in university students: Do they follow the public health guidelines?. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152516"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001542","article-title":"Declining physical activity and motivation from middle school to high school","volume":"50","author":"Dishman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.9.4.525","article-title":"The short-term efficacy of a brief motivational intervention designed to increase physical activity among college students","volume":"9","author":"Martens","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Phys. Act. Health"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2016.1168284","article-title":"Acute aerobic exercise helps overcome emotion regulation deficits","volume":"31","author":"Bernstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cogn. Emot."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3785","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-017-5098-x","article-title":"Habitual exercise is associated with cognitive control and cognitive reappraisal success","volume":"235","author":"Giles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"225","article-title":"The roles of physical activity, exercise, and fitness in promoting resilience during adolescence: Effects on mental well-being and brain development","volume":"6","author":"Belcher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Cogn. Neurosci. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves, A.R., Dias, R., Neiva, H.P., Marinho, D.A., Marques, M.C., Sousa, A.C., Loureiro, V., and Loureiro, N. (2021). High-Intensity Interval Training upon Cognitive and Psychological Outcomes in Youth: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105344"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soler, C.T., Kanders, S.H., Olofsdotter, S., Vadlin, S., \u00c5slund, C., and Nilsson, K.W. (2022). Exploration of the Moderating Effects of Physical Activity and Early Life Stress on the Relation between Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) rs6265 Variants and Depressive Symptoms among Adolescents. Genes, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13071236"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2020.100765","article-title":"Physical activity, aerobic fitness, and brain white matter: Their role for executive functions in adolescence","volume":"42","author":"Ruotsalainen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1113\/EP091279","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity are modified by maturational stage and exercise training status during youth","volume":"108","author":"Talbot","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"21","article-title":"Addictive substance use among first-year university students","volume":"21","author":"Marqueta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adicciones"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.20882\/adicciones.82","article-title":"Unhealthy habits and practice of physical activity in Spanish college students: The role of gender, academic profile and living situation","volume":"24","author":"Molina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adicciones"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31821cd29c","article-title":"Prevalence, comorbidity, and correlates of DSM-IV axis I mental disorders among female university students","volume":"199","author":"Torres","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.04.050","article-title":"Mental disorders in Spanish university students: Prevalence, age-of-onset, severe role impairment and mental health treatment","volume":"273","author":"Ballester","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2013.21","article-title":"Spanish adaptation and validation of the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI)","volume":"25","author":"Sicilia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","article-title":"International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.20882\/adicciones.613","article-title":"Test para la identificaci\u00f3n de trastornos por uso de alcohol (AUDIT): Traducci\u00f3n y validaci\u00f3n del AUDIT al catal\u00e1n y castellano","volume":"11","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adicciones"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/14659890701476532","article-title":"Validation of the CAST, a general population Cannabis Abuse Screening Test","volume":"12","author":"Legleye","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Subst. Use"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Spielberger, C.D., Gorsuchm, R.L., and Lushene, R.E. (1970). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Consulting Psychologist Press."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"139","article-title":"Adaptaci\u00f3n al castellano de la escala de dificultades en regulaci\u00f3n emocional","volume":"19","author":"Hervas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cl\u00ednica Y Salud"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S1575-0973(12)70048-X","article-title":"Validation of a short Spanish version of the UPPS-P impulsive behaviour scale","volume":"14","author":"Perales","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trastor. Adict."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"241","article-title":"Prefrontal Symptoms Inventory (PSI): Ecological validity and convergence with neuropsychological measures","volume":"63","author":"Lorenzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. De Neurol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5542","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5542","article-title":"Balanced and positively worded personality short-forms: Mini-IPIP validity and cross-cultural invariance","volume":"6","author":"Arias","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31821ece12","article-title":"Compendium of Physical Activities: A second update of codes and MET values","volume":"43","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.33588\/rn.6401.2016295","article-title":"Escala de reserva cognitiva: Ajuste del modelo te\u00f3rico y baremaci\u00f3n","volume":"64","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. De Neurol."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Brickenkamp, R., and Cubero, N.S. (2002). D2: Test de Atenci\u00f3n, TEA Ediciones."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Wechsler, D. (2004). WMS-III Escala de memoria de Wechsler-III, TEA."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lardier, D.T., Coakley, K.E., Holladay, K.R., Amorim, F.T., and Zuhl, M.N. (2021). Exercise as a useful intervention to reduce alcohol consumption and improve physical fitness in individuals with alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Psychol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.675285"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leasure, J.L., Neighbors, C., Henderson, C.E., and Young, C.M. (2015). Exercise and alcohol consumption: What we know, what we need to know, and why it is important. Front. Psychiatry, 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00156"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2010.518326","article-title":"Moderators of the relationship between physical activity and alcohol consumption in college students","volume":"59","author":"Buscemi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Health"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2015.10.005","article-title":"Health-related behaviour and personality trait development in adulthood","volume":"59","author":"Allen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Res. Personal."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.17759\/cpse.2020090305","article-title":"The impact of personality on the physical activity and alcohol use relationship","volume":"9","author":"Boland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Spec. Educ."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"87","article-title":"Physical Activity Time, Alcohol Consumption, Mediterranean Diet, and Anxiety in Education Science Students","volume":"14","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/21679169.2019.1623314","article-title":"The effect of physical activity on sleep quality: A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Physiother."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.11.001","article-title":"Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance","volume":"10","author":"Curcio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2013.07.001","article-title":"Increased self-reported and objectively assessed physical activity predict sleep quality among adolescents","volume":"120","author":"Lang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-10-98","article-title":"A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: Informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport","volume":"10","author":"Eime","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-021-01462-8","article-title":"Associations between adolescents\u2019 social leisure activities and the onset of mental disorders in young adulthood","volume":"50","author":"Timonen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2929","article-title":"More habitual physical activity is linked to the use of specific, more adaptive cognitive reappraisal strategies in dealing with stressful events","volume":"36","author":"Fink","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stress Health"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e92","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X1400082X","article-title":"A conceptual framework for the neurobiological study of resilience","volume":"38","author":"Kalisch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494809350522","article-title":"Review article: Do exercise and fitness protect against stress-induced health complaints? A review of the literature","volume":"37","author":"Gerber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2023.09.006","article-title":"Dose-response associations, physical activity intensity and mortality risk: A narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Ekelund","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.21926\/obm.icm.1903049","article-title":"A review of factors affecting the acute exercise-cognition relationship in children and adolescents","volume":"4","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"OBM Integr. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpped.2015.08.004","article-title":"Acute effect of vigorous aerobic exercise on the inhibitory control in adolescents","volume":"34","author":"Browne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Paul. De Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2014.08.010","article-title":"Executive function during and after acute moderate aerobic exercise in adolescents","volume":"16","author":"Soga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.04.005","article-title":"Beneficial effects of physical exercise on neuroplasticity and cognition","volume":"37","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, P., Duderstadt, Y., Lessmann, V., and M\u00fcller, N.G. (2020). Lactate and BDNF: Key Mediators of Exercise Induced Neuroplasticity?. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041136"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01815-2","article-title":"Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training Protocols on Blood Lactate Levels and Cognition in Healthy Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Regression","volume":"53","author":"Jacob","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports Med."}],"container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-328X\/14\/10\/935\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:11:42Z","timestamp":1760112702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-328X\/14\/10\/935"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["bs14100935"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bs14100935","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-328X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-328X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]}}}