{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:49:06Z","timestamp":1785340146754,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This pilot study investigated how viewers perceive Monica Geller\u2019s personality using three evidence-based personality models: Big Five, HEXACO, and Cloninger\u2019s Biopsychosocial Model. Additionally, it examined how these perceptions are associated to audiences\u2019 engagement in parasocial relationships with this iconic character from the sitcom Friends. A sample of sixty-three participants assessed Monica\u2019s personality by responding to the Big Five Inventory (BFI), the HEXACO-60, and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-60). Participants also completed the Multidimensional Measure of Parasocial Relationships (MMPR). Personality scores were contextualized against U.S. population norms (NBFI = 711, NHEXACO = 1126, NTCI = 1948) and Pearson correlations were conducted to explore associations between personality traits and the Affective, Behavioral, Cognitive, and Decisional dimensions of parasocial engagement. Normative comparisons revealed Monica\u2019s perceived Openness and Agreeableness in the Big Five and her Openness and Agreeableness in the HEXACO as significantly below average, while her Big Five Neuroticism and her HEXACO Conscientiousness were significantly above average. In the Biopsychosocial Model, Monica\u2019s Persistence was significantly higher than population norms, while Cooperativeness was significantly lower. Big Five Agreeableness showed correlations across all parasocial engagement dimensions. HEXACO Emotionality was strongly linked to the Affective and Behavioral dimensions, while Honesty\u2013Humility was associated with Cognitive parasocial engagement. In the Biopsychosocial Model, Reward Dependence and Cooperativeness were associated with Cognitive and Affective parasocial engagement, while Self-Directedness was linked to the Behavioral dimension. The Biopsychosocial Model offered the most comprehensive insights, capturing the multidimensional nature of viewer\u2013character engagement. The Big Five and HEXACO models added valuable perspectives, particularly in explaining that traits associated with trust and kindness are linked to decision making. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating multiple personality frameworks to advance the understanding of parasocial relationship engagement, shedding light on the nuanced ways personality traits shape audience perceptions and relationships with media characters, with significant implications for media psychology and personality research. Limitations and avenues for future developments are discussed, building on the insights from this pilot study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15020146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T07:45:12Z","timestamp":1738136712000},"page":"146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Perceptions of Monica Geller in Friends: A Pilot Study on Personality Frameworks and Parasocial Relationships"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3356-4454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway"},{"name":"Promotion of Health and Innovation for Well-Being (PHI-WELL), Department of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Link\u00f6ping University, 581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Lab for Biopsychosocial Personality Research (BPS-PR), International Network for Well-Being"},{"name":"Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2004.18.4.379","article-title":"Genetic and environmental structure of Cloninger\u2019s temperament and character dimensions","volume":"18","author":"Ando","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Disorders"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/ajpy.12202","article-title":"Measurement and research using the big five, HEXACO, and narrow 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