{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:13:47Z","timestamp":1785906827430,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sport via a Grant for Training and Research awarded to Natalia Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FPU17\/04671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU17\/04671"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Goal Contents Theory (GCT) postulates that the goals people pursue not only direct their perceptions of and behaviors relevant to goal pursuit, but also hold implications for their well- and ill-being. Extending past sport work grounded in this theory, this study explored athletes\u2019 self-generated goals and examined whether these goals were differentially aligned with goal-related processes and well- and ill-being. A total of 414 university team athletes (206 women and 208 men) completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the sport season. The results showed that intrinsic goals, assessed in an open-ended format, were more heterogeneous in terms of content, and more common among athletes than extrinsic goals. In addition, women reported more intrinsic goals and fewer extrinsic goals than men. MANCOVA revealed that athletes who pursued extrinsic goals reported significantly lower self-efficacy and greater perceptions of goal difficulty than athletes with intrinsic goals. No differences in goal motives and well- and ill-being indicators emerged. Finally, two models were tested that illustrate how goal content is related to self-efficacy for goal attainment, goal motives, and well- and ill-being. Overall, the findings were largely congruent with GCT and indicate that the quality of athletes\u2019 goal-related processes and their well- and ill-being vary as a function of whether they are pursuing intrinsic or extrinsic goals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15050661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T12:18:06Z","timestamp":1747052286000},"page":"661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The \u201cWhat\u201d of Athletes\u2019 Goal Pursuit and Its Relationships to Goal-Related Processes and Well- and Ill-Being"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9742-0647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8334-3812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco L.","family":"Atienza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan L.","family":"Duda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Balaguer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"Rendimiento deportivo e influencia del estado de \u00e1nimo, de la dificultad estimada, y de la autoeficacia en la alta competici\u00f3n [Sport performance and the influence of mood, perceived difficulty, and self-efficacy in high competition]","volume":"7","author":"Arruza","year":"1998","journal-title":"Revista de Psicolog\u00eda del Deporte"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.5232\/ricyde2011.02505","article-title":"Predictores socio-contextuales y motivacionales de la intenci\u00f3n de continuar participando: Un an\u00e1lisis desde la SDT en danza [Social-contextual and motivational predictors of intentions to continue participation: A test of SDT in dance]","volume":"7","author":"Balaguer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan, R. 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