{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T18:26:11Z","timestamp":1780511171355,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to support the psychological well-being of individuals in emerging adulthood, it is important to understand the cognitive mechanisms that may contribute to social anxiety. In particular, intolerance of uncertainty is considered an important factor associated with anxiety levels among emerging adults. Accordingly, this cross-sectional study investigated whether intolerance of uncertainty is associated with social anxiety through ruminative thoughts. The study group consisted of 405 individuals living in T\u00fcrkiye and in emerging adulthood, 70.60% (n = 286) of whom were female and 29.40% (n = 119) of whom were male. The ages of the participants selected by convenience sampling method ranged between 18 and 25 years, with a mean age of 21.73 years (SD = 1.87). In this study, data were collected using a demographic information form and three different self-report scales. The findings revealed that intolerance of uncertainty was significantly associated with higher levels of social anxiety (\u03b2 = 0.22, p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, rumination emerged as a significant cognitive mediator in this relationship (\u03b2 = 0.23, p &lt; 0.001). The indirect effect was statistically significant, indicating that individuals who experience high intolerance of uncertainty may be more prone to social anxiety when they also engage in ruminative thinking. Together, intolerance of uncertainty and rumination explained 26% of the variance in social anxiety (R2 = 0.26). These results emphasize the importance of targeting both intolerance of uncertainty and rumination in interventions aimed at reducing social anxiety among emerging adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15050687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T09:30:38Z","timestamp":1747387838000},"page":"687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Does Intolerance of Uncertainty Influence Social Anxiety Through Rumination? A Mediation Model in Emerging Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6816-1789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K\u0131van\u00e7","family":"Uzun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Counselling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, U\u015fak University, U\u015fak 64200, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2188-3688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00fcleyman","family":"\u00dcnl\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Turkish Education, Faculty of Education, U\u015fak University, U\u015fak 64200, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9427-1554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00f6kmen","family":"Arslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Counselling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur 15030, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.5.469","article-title":"Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties","volume":"55","author":"Arnett","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-8606.2007.00016.x","article-title":"Emerging adulthood: What is it, and what is it good for?","volume":"1","author":"Arnett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Development Perspectives"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.47602\/johah.v4i1.53","article-title":"Embracing life\u2019s challenges: Developing a tool for assessing resilient mindset in second wave positive psychology","volume":"4","author":"Arslan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Happiness and Health"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2020.1824204","article-title":"Subjective vitality and loneliness explain how coronavirus anxiety increases rumination among college students","volume":"46","author":"Arslan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Death Studies"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"39","article-title":"A new period in human life: Emerging adulthood","volume":"17","author":"Atak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Childhood and Adolescence Mental Health"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The moderator\u2013mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations","volume":"51","author":"Baron","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-023-10451-z","article-title":"Ruminative variability predicts increases in depression and social anxiety","volume":"48","author":"Bean","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2015.10.018","article-title":"Ruminative exploration and reconsideration of commitment as risk factors for suboptimal identity development in adolescence and emerging adulthood","volume":"47","author":"Beyers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescence"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000001208","article-title":"Understanding relations between intolerance of uncertainty, social anxiety, and body dissatisfaction in women","volume":"208","author":"Bijsterbosch","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Sinnott, J. 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