{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T19:59:58Z","timestamp":1773431998290,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Social Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, PR China","award":["21YJRC09-1YB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21YJRC09-1YB"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon is characterized by a temporary inability to retrieve a word despite a strong sense of familiarity. While extensive research has linked phonological processing to TOT, the exact nature of this relationship remains debated. The \u201cblocking hypothesis\u201d suggests that the retrieval of target words is interfered with by phonological neighbors, whereas the \u201ctransmission deficit hypothesis\u201d posits that TOT arises from insufficient phonological activation of the target words. This study revisited this issue by examining the relationship between the microstructural integrity of the phonological processing brain network and TOT, utilizing graph-theoretical analyses of neuroimaging data from the Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN), which included diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from 576 participants aged 18\u201387. The results revealed that global efficiency and mean degree centrality of the phonological processing network positively predicted TOT rates. At the nodal level, the nodal efficiency of the bilateral posterior superior temporal gyrus and the clustering coefficient of the left premotor cortex positively predicted TOT rates, while the degree centrality of the left dorsal superior temporal gyrus (dSTG) and the clustering coefficient of the left posterior supramarginal gyrus (pSMG) negatively predicted TOT rates. Overall, these findings suggest that individuals with a more enriched network of phonological representations tend to experience more TOTs, supporting the blocking hypothesis. Additionally, this study highlights the roles of the left dSTG and pSMG in facilitating word retrieval, potentially reducing the occurrence of TOTs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15070977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T12:09:53Z","timestamp":1752840593000},"page":"977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Relationship Between the Phonological Processing Network and the Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon: Evidence from Large-Scale DTI Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziyi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8560-3203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03195798","article-title":"Isolating phonological components that increase tip-of-the-tongue resolution","volume":"31","author":"Abrams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Achard, S., and Bullmore, E. 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