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Identifying reliable linguistic markers of ToM extractable from individuals\u2019 speech provides a promising path for both research and clinical practice. In this narrative review, we aimed to synthesize findings from studies identified through a PSYCINFO search to provide an overview of speech-based markers associated with ToM abilities. Our results revealed six primary categories of relevant speech markers: mental state terms, general linguistic ability, embedded clauses, referring expressions, and pragmatic markers. Standardizing these markers could enhance the replicability and applicability of ToM assessments across diverse populations. We encourage future research to build on these findings to examine how mentalizing is expressed through language in varied social, cultural, and clinical contexts. Advancing this line of inquiry will deepen our understanding of the interplay between language and mentalizing and contribute to broader insights into language and cognition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15081016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T07:57:24Z","timestamp":1753689444000},"page":"1016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Linguistic Markers of Theory of Mind in Spontaneous Speech: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Chaimaa","family":"El Mouslih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"},{"name":"Montreal Bilingualism Initiative, Montreal, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Center for Research on Brain, Language and Music, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"},{"name":"Douglas University Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vegas","family":"Hodgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"},{"name":"Montreal Bilingualism Initiative, Montreal, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Center for Research on Brain, Language and Music, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1640-7182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena","family":"Palaniyappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"},{"name":"Center for Research on Brain, Language and Music, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"},{"name":"Douglas University Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra A.","family":"Titone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"},{"name":"Montreal Bilingualism Initiative, Montreal, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Center for Research on Brain, Language and Music, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-2014(00)00014-9","article-title":"Do triangles play tricks? 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