{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:08:09Z","timestamp":1790698089393,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["NRF-2022S1A5A2A03050428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022S1A5A2A03050428"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Loneliness contributes to depression in older adults, but research on effective intervention strategies remains limited. This study aims to examine the moderating effects of social capital on the relationship between loneliness and depression in older adults. Social capital was divided into structural and cognitive social categories. A self-report questionnaire was administered to 350 participants aged 65 or older, using the Korean version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale, Short-Form Geriatric Depression Scale, Structural Social Capital Scale, and Cognitive Social Capital Scale. Data from 334 patients were included in the final analysis, and the moderating effect was tested using Model 1 of the PROCESS Macro for SPSS. The results of this study are as follows: (1) it demonstrated that loneliness is a significant predictor of higher levels of depression; (2) structural social capital significantly moderated this relationship, indicating that the impact of loneliness on depressive symptoms varied according to the level of structural social capital; (3) cognitive social capital also moderated this relationship, suggesting that the influence of loneliness on depression differs based on the level of cognitive social capital. This study provides valuable foundational data for the development of prevention and intervention strategies targeting loneliness and depression in old age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15091157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T06:25:57Z","timestamp":1756189557000},"page":"1157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Moderating Effect of Social Capital on the Relationship Between Loneliness and Depression in Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9972-6997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Seo","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5762-4306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Man","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Older adults\u2019 social support and its effect on their everyday self-maintenance activities: Findings from the household survey of urban Lahore-Pakistan","volume":"26","author":"Ahmad","year":"2020","journal-title":"South Asian Studies"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66665-2","article-title":"Depression in the elderly","volume":"365","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2018.1516263","article-title":"Moderating effects of community social capital on depression in later years of life: A latent interaction model","volume":"42","author":"An","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12674","article-title":"Autoregressive cross-lagged modelling of the relationship between social activity, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function in Korean elderly","volume":"21","author":"Bae","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"336","article-title":"The mediating effect of digital literacy on the relationship between smartphone use motives and life satisfaction for senior citizens in Korea","volume":"51","author":"Bae","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.03.005","article-title":"Social capital and depressive symptoms: The association of psychosocial and network dimensions of social capital with depressive symptoms in Montreal, Canada","volume":"86","author":"Bassett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M210","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/46.6.M210","article-title":"The association of age and depression among the elderly: An epidemiologic exploration","volume":"46","author":"Blazer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Gerontology"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"805","article-title":"The force of law: Toward a sociology of the juridical field","volume":"38","author":"Bourdieu","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hastings Law Journal"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13031","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13031","article-title":"Loneliness and acute stress reactivity: A systematic review of psychophysiological studies","volume":"55","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burroughs, H., and Wilkie, R. 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