{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T12:50:15Z","timestamp":1763988615841,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs","award":["W81XWH-18-PHTBIRP-R2OE-TRA","ORS 656.630","#T03OH008435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-18-PHTBIRP-R2OE-TRA","ORS 656.630","#T03OH008435"]}]},{"name":"Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences","award":["W81XWH-18-PHTBIRP-R2OE-TRA","ORS 656.630","#T03OH008435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-18-PHTBIRP-R2OE-TRA","ORS 656.630","#T03OH008435"]}]},{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","award":["W81XWH-18-PHTBIRP-R2OE-TRA","ORS 656.630","#T03OH008435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-18-PHTBIRP-R2OE-TRA","ORS 656.630","#T03OH008435"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Links between loneliness and health are robust, though evidence for associations with alcohol use is mixed. Previous research has supported perceived stress as a predictor of alcohol use and as a pathway through which loneliness impacts health over time. Yet findings are primarily limited to civilian samples, and less is known about how loneliness relates to stress and health among service members. The current study explores prospective associations among loneliness, stress, and health (i.e., sleep, alcohol misuse, and psychological distress) within a sample of mostly male service members. We examine two dimensions of perceived stress, perceived helplessness and negative coping appraisal, as explanatory mechanisms. Controlling for baseline stress and health, loneliness predicted perceived helplessness and negative coping appraisal (4-month follow-up); in turn, perceived helplessness and negative coping appraisal predicted insomnia and sleep dissatisfaction; and negative coping appraisal predicted alcohol misuse (indirect effects). Findings support transactional models of stress and the stressor-vulnerability model of alcohol use, revealing that coping appraisals play an important explanatory role for stress-related consequences of loneliness. Further, we provide new insight into mechanisms linking loneliness to alcohol use and sleep, differentiating dimensions of stress and highlighting potential intervention targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15091240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T15:10:46Z","timestamp":1757603446000},"page":"1240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prospective Associations Among Loneliness and Health for Servicemembers: Perceived Helplessness and Negative Coping Appraisal as Explanatory Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sarah N.","family":"Arpin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA 99258, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9884-2246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia D.","family":"Mohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7001-274X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Todd E.","family":"Bodner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8066-7531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leslie B.","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA"},{"name":"Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 9723, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.78.5.979","article-title":"Stress and alcohol use: A daily process examination of the stressor\u2013vulnerability model","volume":"78","author":"Armeli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2007.26.8.896","article-title":"Daily interpersonal stress and the stressor\u2013vulnerability model of alcohol use","volume":"26","author":"Armeli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-3506.2005.00362.x","article-title":"A daily process approach to individual differences in stress-related alcohol use","volume":"73","author":"Armeli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Personality"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167215569722","article-title":"Having friends and feeling lonely: A daily process examination of transient loneliness, socialization, and drinking behavior","volume":"41","author":"Arpin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.88.4.589","article-title":"Social exclusion impairs self-regulation","volume":"88","author":"Baumeister","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of personality and social psychology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2022.100448","article-title":"Does loneliness before the age of twelve indirectly affect impaired control over drinking, alcohol use, and problems through perceived stress?","volume":"16","author":"Berberian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors Reports"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bitsoih, J., Patock-Peckham, J. 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