{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:10:31Z","timestamp":1793412631009,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Projects in Hainan Province","award":["ZDYF2025(LALH)004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2025(LALH)004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exercise is a promising intervention for reducing drug craving, but recent studies have shown inconsistent effects. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effect of exercise interventions on drug craving and identify the key exercise factors that affect its effectiveness. The literature was searched in four English databases. Two authors independently performed literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. Subgroup, sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore potential heterogeneity. The results demonstrated that exercise (SMD = \u22120.74, 95% CI: \u22120.91, \u22120.58; p &lt; 0.00001) was more effective than control groups in reducing drug craving among people with drug use disorder. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that aerobic (SMD = \u22120.79, 95% CI: \u22121.03, \u22120.54; p &lt; 0.00001), multi-component (SMD = \u22120.96, 95% CI: \u22121.73, \u22120.18; p = 0.02), and mind\u2013body exercise (SMD = \u22120.57, 95% CI: \u22120.88, \u22120.26; p = 0.0003) could significantly reduce drug craving, while resistance exercise (SMD = \u22120.59, 95% CI: \u22121.33, 0.16; p = 0.12) could not. Moreover, moderate (SMD = \u22120.77, 95% CI: \u22120.95, \u22120.58; p &lt; 0.00001) and high-intensity exercise (SMD = \u22120.63, 95% CI: \u22121.08, \u22120.19; p = 0.006) were effective in reducing drug craving. In addition, regardless of intervention period, single-session duration, and weekly frequency, exercise could significantly reduce drug craving. This study indicates that exercise effectively reduces drug craving, with type and intensity as key factors affecting the effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15091272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T09:32:32Z","timestamp":1758187952000},"page":"1272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Long-Term Exercise Interventions for Reducing Drug Craving in People with Drug Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Health Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0507-2938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaosheng","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China"},{"name":"National Health Commission of China Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan 250100, China"},{"name":"Center for Health Management and Policy Research, Shandong University (Shandong Provincial Key New Think Tank), Jinan 250100, China"},{"name":"Institute of Health and Elderly Care, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinghua","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exercise Rehabilitation Science of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junwei","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9198-4468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2012.00270.x","article-title":"Do manualized psychosocial interventions help reduce relapse among alcohol-dependent adults treated with naltrexone or placebo? 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