{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T01:18:11Z","timestamp":1761268691163,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Israel"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: The association between Mind-Wandering (MW), symptoms of Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and task performance is understudied in children, and has never been studied in a population of kindergarten-aged children. Kindergarten is an important developmental stage in which children begin to acquire the building stones for proper academic abilities. Methods: One hundred and six kindergarten-aged children performed arithmetic and phonological tasks, and their level of MW was examined after each task in two different sessions. In addition, the ADHD symptoms\u2019 level was collected for each participant. Results: A positive correlation between symptoms of ADHD and MW was found. In addition, reliability assessment of the two probes of MW indicated adequate reliability. Finally, the results suggest a connection between MW and academic-related task performance, beyond the effect of ADHD symptoms. Conclusions: MW is a stable cognitive structure beyond a specific task or time; it is also associated with symptoms of ADHD and relates to poorer performance in academic-related tasks in kindergarten-aged children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15111439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:47:36Z","timestamp":1761266856000},"page":"1439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Relationship Between Symptoms of ADHD, Mind Wandering, and Task Performance Among Kindergarten-Aged Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8483-8313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvette","family":"Pasternak Barami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4189-590X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liat","family":"Goldfarb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054720946371","article-title":"The connection between mind wandering, ADHD, and level of performance on an attention task","volume":"25","author":"Goldfarb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Attention Disorders"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547211036511","article-title":"ADHD and interfering thoughts in high and low conflict conditions","volume":"26","author":"Goldfarb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Attention Disorders"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-022-01751-2","article-title":"The effect of background sounds on mind wandering","volume":"87","author":"Goldfarb","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychological Research"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). 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