{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:50:27Z","timestamp":1789516227537,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012456","name":"National Social Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24BSH105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24BSH105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Teacher Education Reform Project of Henan Province","award":["2025-JSJYZD-007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-JSJYZD-007"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Higher Education Youth Backbone Teacher Training Project","award":["2023GGJS039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GGJS039"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has become an increasingly salient mental health concern among adolescents, and it commonly co-occurs with depression, anxiety, borderline personality disorder, substance use, and childhood maltreatment, forming a complex psychological risk structure. Despite a growing body of literature, a systematic understanding of the structural links between NSSI and psychiatric comorbidities remains limited. This study uses bibliometric and visualization methods to map the developmental trajectory and knowledge structure of the field and to identify research hotspots and frontiers. Drawing on the Web of Science Core Collection, we screened 1562 papers published between 2005 and 2024 on adolescent NSSI and comorbid psychological problems. Using CiteSpace 6.3.R1, VOSviewer 1.6.20, and R 4.3.3, we constructed knowledge graphs from keyword co-occurrence, clustering, burst-term detection, and co-citation analyses. The results show an explosive growth of research in recent years. Hotspots center on comorbidity mechanisms of mood disorders, the impact of childhood trauma, and advances in dynamic assessment. Research has evolved from describing behavioral features toward integrative mechanisms, with five current emphases: risk factor modeling, diagnostic standard optimization, cultural sensitivity, stratified intervention strategies, and psychological risks in special populations. With big data and AI applications, the field is moving toward dynamic prediction and precision intervention. Future work should strengthen cross-cultural comparisons, refine comorbidity network theory, and develop biomarker-informed differentiated interventions to advance both theory and clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15111513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T14:55:15Z","timestamp":1762527315000},"page":"1513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Visualized Analysis of Adolescent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Comorbidity Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0237-5354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2769-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunhui","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13161","DOI":"10.1111\/sltb.13161","article-title":"Sexual and gender minority stress in nonsuicidal self-injury engagement: A meta-analytic review","volume":"55","author":"Ahrenholtz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"120","article-title":"Visibility and citation impact","volume":"7","author":"Salehi","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Education Studies"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-022-01319-6","article-title":"Non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: A structural model with socioecological connectedness, bullying victimization, and depression","volume":"54","author":"Baker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry & Human Development"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1080\/13811118.2018.1509750","article-title":"Implementation of dialectical behavior therapy with suicidal and self-harming adolescents in a community clinic","volume":"24","author":"Berk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Archives of Suicide Research"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.02.009","article-title":"Gender differences in the prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury: A meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Bresin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-6673-1-14","article-title":"The relationship between non-suicidal self-injury and borderline personality disorder symptoms in a college sample","volume":"1","author":"Brickman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0767-9","article-title":"Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence","volume":"19","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Psychiatry Reports"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buelens, T., Costantini, G., Luyckx, K., and Claes, L. 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