{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:52:36Z","timestamp":1789865556214,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005047","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024-BS-160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-BS-160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Education Department Project of Liaoning Province","award":["LJ212410165004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJ212410165004"]}]},{"name":"Ph.D. Start-up Project of Liaoning Normal University","award":["2024BSL004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024BSL004"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Liaoning Normal University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a heterogeneous state between normal aging and dementia, with varied transition pathways. While factors influencing MCI progression are known, their role in cognitive reversal is unclear. This study analyzed 756 Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants, classified as progressive MCI (pMCI, N = 272, mean age = 75.10 \u00b1 7.34 years), reversible MCI (rMCI, N = 52, mean age = 69.94 \u00b1 7.98 years) and stable MCI (sMCI, N = 432, mean age = 73.34 \u00b1 7.44 years) based on 36-month follow-up. We compared demographic, lifestyle, clinical, cognitive, neuroimaging, and biomarker data across groups and developed a prediction model. Patients in the rMCI group were significantly younger and had a higher level of education compared with those in the pMCI group. Memory, general cognition, daily functional activities, and hippocampal volume effectively distinguished all three groups. In contrast, A\u03b2, tau, and other brain regions were able to distinguish only between progressive and non-progressive cases. Informant-reported Everyday Cognition (Ecog) scales outperformed self-reported Ecog scales in differentiating subtypes and predicting progression. Multinomial regression revealed that higher education, larger hippocampal volume, and lower daily functional impairment were associated with reversion, whereas APOE \u03b54, poorer memory, and greater brain atrophy predicted progression (model accuracy: 78%). The results confirm the significant utility of hippocampal volume, education level, and daily functional activities for assessing baseline disparities and predicting reversion. This study highlights the differential contributions of cognitive abilities and brain regions on MCI reversal, advancing understanding of MCI heterogeneity and providing evidence for precise diagnosis and treatment in early MCI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15111552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T09:06:36Z","timestamp":1763111196000},"page":"1552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Predictors of Transition from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Normal Cognition and Dementia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jiage","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zifeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialing","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.008","article-title":"The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Recommendations from the national institute on aging-Alzheimer\u2019s association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Albert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24135","article-title":"Sex modifies the APOE -related risk of developing Alzheimer disease","volume":"75","author":"Altmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of 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