{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T03:43:25Z","timestamp":1785815005667,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013139","name":"Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24YJC890065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24YJC890065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities","award":["2024TZJK008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024TZJK008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise on anxiety and depression in individuals with type 2 diabetics mellitus (T2DM) and to determine the optimal exercise prescription for this population. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases was conducted through 13 May 2025. Pooled analyses were performed using standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval. Exercise significantly alleviated anxiety (SMD, \u22120.66, p &lt; 0.00001) and depression (SMD, \u22120.55, p &lt; 0.0001) in individuals with T2DM. Subgroup analyses revealed that aerobic exercise (anxiety, SMD, \u22120.68, p &lt; 0.00001; depression, SMD, \u22120.63, p = 0.005) and interventions performed \u22653 times per week (anxiety, SMD, \u22120.72, p &lt; 0.00001; depression, SMD, \u22120.72, p &lt; 0.00001), lasting &lt; 60 min per session (anxiety, SMD, \u22120.78, p &lt; 0.00001; depression, SMD, \u22120.67, p &lt; 0.00001), and accumulating \u2264 180 min per week (anxiety, SMD, \u22120.60, p &lt; 0.00001; depression, SMD, \u22120.60, p = 0.0008) were most effective in alleviating anxiety and depression. While the findings of this meta-analysis suggest that engaging in exercise at a frequency of at least 3 times per week, with each session lasting less than 60 min (accumulating to approximately 180 min per week), may be associated with greater psychological improvements, these recommendations should be interpreted cautiously due to variability in study quality, intervention types, and sample characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16010015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T07:01:33Z","timestamp":1766386893000},"page":"15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["High-Frequency, Short-Session Exercise Decreases Anxiety and Depression in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9272-9255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yexi","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Performance and Skill Assessment, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Department of Strength and Conditioning Assessment and Monitoring, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Strength and Conditioning Assessment and Monitoring, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Strength and Conditioning Assessment and Monitoring, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4397-8768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meirong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness (Beijing Sport University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7649-5095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laikang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Performance and Skill Assessment, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"132","article-title":"Effect of exercise on psychological well-being in T2DM","volume":"7","author":"Abbas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05086-4","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of proprioceptive exercise on functional capacity, anxiety, and depression in patients with diabetic neuropathy: A 2-month prospective study","volume":"39","author":"Abdelbasset","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abualhamael, S. 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