{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:26:41Z","timestamp":1792117601909,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project 12590: Evaluation, Counseling, and Psychological Intervention in the Context of Health"},{"name":"IDCQ HOSPITALES Y SANIDAD, S.L."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Research on men\u2019s mental health points out gender differences in help-seeking and access to care. Traditional masculine norms (i.e., emotional repression, self-reliance, \u201cbeing strong\u201d) and gender bias might conceal distress, delay treatment, and help to explain higher burdens of addiction, violence, and suicide alongside lower recorded affective\/anxiety diagnoses. An exploratory narrative review was conducted. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for 2015\u20132025 studies using MeSH and terms on men\u2019s mental health, masculinities, and stigma. Eleven studies identified attitudinal barriers (i.e., self-stigma, shame, symptom minimization, mistrust, etc.) and structural barriers (i.e., limited tailored services, navigation difficulties, costs, bureaucracy, etc.) that delay identification of psychological distress symptoms, weaken therapeutic alliance, and increase dropout, especially when therapy is perceived as impersonal or ineffective. Intersectional factors (i.e., class, age, ethnicity) further contribute to access and they need to be included in the field of men\u2019s mental health. Gender-sensitive approaches and alternative masculinity role models have the potential to enhance engagement and legitimize emotional experience. To sum up, hegemonic masculinity-related gender norms, acquired through gender-differentiated socialization, are associated with adverse mental health outcomes among men. A lack of gender-sensitive awareness campaigns to reduce stigma around men\u2019s mental health may hinder prevention, delaying early identification and timely intervention. Therefore, men\u2019s mental health care should integrate gender and intersectionality transversally to improve prevention, access, diagnosis, treatment, adherence, and outcomes, supported by professional training and tailored therapeutic tools in clinical routine practice. These findings underscore the need to promote healthier, more egalitarian masculinities and to deconstruct stigmas associated with help-seeking and mental health service.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16020262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T09:15:12Z","timestamp":1770801312000},"page":"262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Narrative Review of Men\u2019s Mental Health: The Role of Stigma and Gender-Differentiated Socialization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3295-5285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio A.","family":"Camacho-Ruiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Murcia, Building 31, 30100 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Foundation Project Man Ja\u00e9n, 23002 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"},{"name":"Regional International Campus of Excellence (CEIR) Mare Nostrum Campus (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1927-0292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen M.","family":"Galvez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Murcia, Building 31, 30100 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Regional International Campus of Excellence (CEIR) Mare Nostrum Campus (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4581-4302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa M.","family":"Limi\u00f1ana-Gras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Murcia, Building 31, 30100 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Regional International Campus of Excellence (CEIR) Mare Nostrum Campus (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Assisted Reproduction Unit, QuironSalud Murcia Medical Center, 30008 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"Gender and depression in men","volume":"15","author":"Addis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.58.1.5","article-title":"Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking","volume":"58","author":"Addis","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3998\/jmmh.10381607.0012.102","article-title":"An exploration of the help-seeking behaviors of Arab-Muslims in the US: A socio-ecological approach","volume":"12","author":"Alhomaizi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Muslim Mental Health"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/2137284","article-title":"Revisiting the behavioral model and access to medical care: Does it matter?","volume":"36","author":"Andersen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-024-02320-2","article-title":"Is the diagnosis and treatment of depression gender-biased? 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