{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T12:32:29Z","timestamp":1771504349662,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32271129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271129"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32471126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32471126"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32071016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32071016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2019000050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019000050"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding public stigma against patients (also known as disease stigma)\u2014negative attitudes or discriminatory responses toward individuals with a disease\u2014is essential for improving health outcomes and fostering inclusive communities. In this study, 279 participants rated their responses toward eight disease groups (e.g., HIV\/AIDS, COVID-19, and depression). Using multiple factor analysis, we identified three components of disease stigma: exclusionary (e.g., avoidance and harmful evaluation), prosocial (e.g., sympathy and helping), and attribution (blame\/responsibility). Confirmatory factor analysis supported this three-component structure. Repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed systematic differences across diseases: COVID-19 and schizophrenia elicited stronger exclusionary responses, depression evoked the strongest prosocial responses, and HIV\/AIDS was associated with the highest attribution of blame. Linear mixed-effects models further indicated that perceived cultural tightness was positively associated with the attribution component, self-control was positively associated with the prosocial component, and higher self-esteem was linked to greater exclusionary responses. Furthermore, network analysis showed dense within-component clustering (e.g., trust\u2014negative evaluation; sympathy\u2014helping) and a peripheral positioning of attribution within the stigma network. These findings provide insights into the psychological components of disease stigma and its cultural and personal correlates, providing targets for component-specific stigma reduction strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16020295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T11:44:27Z","timestamp":1771501467000},"page":"295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychological Components of Disease Stigma Across Illnesses: Associations with Cultural and Personal Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1705-4261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiming","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.1246","article-title":"Multiple factor analysis: Principal component analysis for multitable and multiblock data sets","volume":"5","author":"Abdi","year":"2013","journal-title":"WIREs Computational Statistics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420180403","article-title":"Comments on the motivational status of self-esteem in social identity and intergroup discrimination","volume":"18","author":"Abrams","year":"1988","journal-title":"European Journal of Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.49.1.15","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and health. 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