{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:15:40Z","timestamp":1785417340777,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"the Czech Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["GA16-03059S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GA16-03059S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["GA16-03059S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GA16-03059S"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pv73b02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Some adolescents prefer parents as their attachment figures, while others prefer peers, such as romantic partners and friends. However, how these attachment preferences influence (mal)adjustment is unclear. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal associations between adolescents\u2019 preferences for attachment figures and their (mal)adjustment. We recruited 215 Czech adolescents (Mage = 14.02 in the 1st year, SD = 2.05, ranging between 11 and 18 years; girls = 54%) and utilized data from the adolescents\u2019 reports of their attachment preferences in the 1st year of this project. In addition, adolescents, parents, and teachers reported adolescents\u2019 (mal)adjustment over two years. The results showed that adolescents\u2019 attachment preferences for mothers were longitudinally associated with lower parent-reported externalizing problems. On the other hand, attachment preferences for peers predicted lower teacher-reported internalizing problems. The findings suggest that attachment preferences for parents were linked to some more favorable adjustment outcomes, and that attachment preferences for peers may be more positively associated with adjustment when accompanied by attachment preferences for parents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16050696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T02:06:21Z","timestamp":1777860381000},"page":"696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal Associations Between Adolescents\u2019 Attachment Preferences for Parents and Peers and Their (Mal)Adjustment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1620-6930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomotaka","family":"Umemura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3001-2307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan"},{"name":"The Faculty of Psychology, Kobe Gakuin University, 518 Arise, Ikawadani-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7417-3073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lenka","family":"Lacinov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Research Institute, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Jo\u0161tova 10, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Jo\u0161tova 10, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.44.4.709","article-title":"Attachments beyond infancy","volume":"44","author":"Ainsworth","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2009.10.001","article-title":"An introduction to modern missing data analyses","volume":"48","author":"Baraldi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of School Psychology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.130.3.201","article-title":"The making and breaking of affectional bonds: I. 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