{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T11:04:51Z","timestamp":1779966291214,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This cross-sectional study examined whether addictive-like social media use, operationalized as generalized symptom-like engagement captured by the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) rather than content-specific exposure, is associated with orthorexia nervosa tendency in Turkish adults, and whether these associations persist after adjustment for BMI and lifestyle factors. Complete-case data on n = 258 adults (age \u2265 18 years) were analyzed using validated Turkish versions of the BSMAS and the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI). Group differences were tested using Welch\u2019s procedures with Holm-adjusted post hoc comparisons; associations were examined using Pearson correlations and HC3-robust multiple regression controlling for gender, age, education, physical activity frequency, smoking, alcohol use, and BMI. The mean age was 23.96 \u00b1 9.36 years, and the mean BMI was 23.46 \u00b1 4.09 kg\u00b7m\u22122. Men reported higher ONI total (g = 0.45) and higher BMI (g = 0.72) than women, whereas BSMAS did not differ by gender (g = 0.05). ONI total differed across BMI categories, with lower scores in the underweight category than in the overweight and obesity categories (Holm-adjusted p &lt; 0.05). BMI showed a small positive correlation with ONI total (r = 0.136), and age was weakly negatively correlated with BSMAS (r = \u22120.172). BSMAS showed small correlations with ONI Impairments and ONI Emotions (r = 0.139\u20130.148). The bivariate association between BSMAS and ONI total was small and non-significant (r = 0.092). BSMAS was not an independent predictor of ONI total in the covariate-adjusted HC3 regression (B = 0.246, p = 0.141; adjusted R2 = 0.059). In this sample of Turkish adults, orthorexia nervosa tendency was associated with gender and BMI strata. In contrast, generalized addictive-like social media use showed no independent association with overall orthorexia after covariate adjustment. The absence of an independent BSMAS-ONI association should not be interpreted as evidence that social media is unrelated to orthorexia; rather, a generalized addiction-like measure may be insufficient to capture content- and platform-specific digital pathways. Future research should incorporate content-specific exposure and longitudinal designs to clarify mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16060864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T09:57:43Z","timestamp":1779962263000},"page":"864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Social Media Addiction and Orthorexia Nervosa Tendencies in Turkish Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study of BMI and Lifestyle Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3149-6630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bekir Erhan","family":"Orhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul Ayd\u0131n University, Istanbul 34295, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ammar, A., Uyar, A. 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