{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:45:34Z","timestamp":1785422734329,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["R01 HD090232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD090232"]}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["R01 HD106650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD106650"]}]},{"award":["R01 HD090232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD090232"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04byxyr05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R01 HD106650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD106650"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04byxyr05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the compensatory and risk-protective roles of informal mentoring in the longitudinal associations between discrimination and behavioral health problems among Latino\/a adolescents and emerging adults. The study addressed the limited research on mentoring among Latino\/a youth, particularly with regard to behavioral health, and considered both the presence of and relationship quality with mentors as well as gender differences (girls vs. boys). Latent growth curve analysis was used to investigate trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems across 11 observations spanning 7 years. Mentor presence assessed at Wave 9 when youth (N = 544) were approximately 15\u201318 years old had an association with internalizing problems consistent with the compensatory model, in which a resilience factor offsets the harmful effects of a risk factor, for girls. Among girls with a mentor, relationship quality buffered associations between discrimination and internalizing problems, consistent with the risk protective model. Among boys who reported having a mentor, relationship quality had an association with internalizing problems consistent with the compensatory model. For both girls and boys with mentors, relationship quality buffered associations between discrimination and externalizing problems, consistent with the risk protective model. Whereas discrimination consistently shows harmful effects on Latino\/a adolescents\u2019 emotional and behavioral adjustment, a resilience perspective underscores the reality that, with adequate support, most youth are able to overcome those risks. The current study fills gaps in the literature by examining how informal mentoring can foster resilience to such harmful effects, and highlights directions for future research and practice aimed at enhancing the well-being of this large and fast-growing population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16060910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T03:37:29Z","timestamp":1780544249000},"page":"910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Role of Informal Mentors in Promoting Resilience of Latino\/a Late Adolescents and Emerging Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5354-9206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel P.","family":"Kuperminc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6975-0665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Alejandra","family":"Arce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9507-0236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roushanac","family":"Partovi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, Population and Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA"},{"name":"Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8456-0720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Achenbach, T. M., and Edelbrock, C. S. (1991). Youth self-report and profile, University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Achenbach, T. M., and Rescorla, L. A. (2003). Manual for the ASEBA adult forms & profiles, University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Allison, P. (2022). Is dummy variable adjustment ever good for missing data?, Statistical Horizons. Available online: https:\/\/statisticalhorizons.com\/is-dummy-variable-adjustment-ever-good-for-missing-data\/."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.112.4.545","article-title":"Missing data techniques for structural equation modeling","volume":"112","author":"Allison","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12319","article-title":"Natural mentoring, academic motivation, and values toward education among Latinx adolescents","volume":"63","author":"Anderson","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/1540415320921489","article-title":"Discrimination and Latino health: A systematic review of risk and resilience","volume":"19","author":"Andrade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hispanic Health Care International"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1037\/cdp0000575","article-title":"Incorporating immigrant optimism into critical consciousness and civic development models: An integrative review and synthesis of civic action among immigrant youth of color in the United States","volume":"30","author":"Arce","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Assari, S., Moazen-Zadeh, E., Caldwell, C. H., and Zimmerman, M. A. (2017). Racial discrimination during adolescence predicts mental health deterioration in adulthood: Gender differences among Blacks. Frontiers in Public Health, 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00104"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-020-01256-4","article-title":"School discrimination and changes in Latinx adolescents\u2019 internalizing and externalizing symptoms","volume":"49","author":"Bennett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2022.2093209","article-title":"Peer discrimination, deviant peer affiliation, and Latino\/a adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms: A prospective study","volume":"53","author":"Bennett","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowers, E. P., Geldhof, G. J., Johnson, S. K., Hilliard, L. J., Hershberg, R. M., Lerner, J. V., and Lerner, R. M. (2015). Youth\u2013adult relationships and positive youth development. Promoting positive youth development, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17166-1"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/08964289.2020.1712646","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and resilience among Hispanic emerging adults: Examining the moderating effects of mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotion regulation, family cohesion, and social support","volume":"46","author":"Cano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behavioral Medicine"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/15313204.2020.1827336","article-title":"Racial microaggressions and Latinxs\u2019 well-being: A systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-012-9608-y","article-title":"Racial discrimination and African American adolescents\u2019 adjustment: Gender variation in family and community social support, promotive and protective factors","volume":"22","author":"Cooper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E70124","DOI":"10.1002\/casp.70124","article-title":"Interpersonal and structural discrimination, ethnic-racial identity and civic action among immigrant-origin youth of colour in the United States","volume":"35","author":"Delbasso","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12969","article-title":"Discrimination, parent\u2013adolescent conflict, and peer intimacy: Examining risk and resilience in Mexican-origin youths\u2019 adjustment trajectories","volume":"90","author":"Delgado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s40894-021-00156-3","article-title":"Mentoring Latinx children and adolescents: A systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Polo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adolescent Research Review"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1177\/1529100611414806","article-title":"How effective are mentoring programs for youth? A systematic assessment of the evidence","volume":"12","author":"DuBois","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychological Science in the Public Interest"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2003.031476","article-title":"Natural mentoring relationships and adolescent health: Evidence from a national study","volume":"95","author":"DuBois","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Garringer, M., McQuillin, S., and McDaniel, H. (2017). Examining youth mentoring services across America: Findings from the 2016 national mentoring program survey, MENTOR The National Mentoring Partnership."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowers, E., Geldhof, G. J., Johnson, S. K., Hilliard, L. J., Hershberg, R. M., Lerner, J. V., and Lerner, R. M. (2015). The five Cs model of positive youth development. Promoting positive youth development, Springer. Advancing responsible adolescent development.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17166-1"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2019.104490","article-title":"Expanding and deepening our understanding of which young people are most likely to have an informal mentor","volume":"108","author":"Gowdy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-021-00630-7","article-title":"It\u2019s who you know that matters: Identifying which type of informal mentor is most likely to promote economic mobility for vulnerable youth","volume":"42","author":"Gowdy","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Primary Prevention"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Harris, J. T., and Nakkula, M. J. (2018). Youth Mentoring Survey (YMS) [Unpublished manuscript], Applied Research Consulting."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.44.2.120","article-title":"Social relationships and their developmental significance","volume":"44","author":"Hartup","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirsch, B. J., Deutsch, N. L., and DuBois, D. L. (2011). After-school centers and youth development: Case studies of success and failure, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511994913"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria vs new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-080822-045011","article-title":"Promoting positive development among racially and ethnically marginalized youth: Advancing a novel model of natural mentoring","volume":"20","author":"Hurd","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2010.00660.x","article-title":"Natural mentoring relationships among adolescent mothers: A study of resilience","volume":"20","author":"Hurd","year":"2010a","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Adolescence"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-010-9325-x","article-title":"Natural mentors, mental health, and risk behaviors: A longitudinal analysis of African American adolescents transitioning into adulthood","volume":"46","author":"Hurd","year":"2010b","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-024-02016-4","article-title":"The influence of racial socialization, mentor support, and emotion regulation on the psychological well-being of African American boys","volume":"53","author":"Khahra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-011-9425-2","article-title":"Natural mentoring processes deter externalizing problems among rural African American emerging adults: A prospective analysis","volume":"48","author":"Kogan","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Villarruel, F. A., Carlo, G., Grau, J. M., Azmitia, M., Cabrera, N., and Chahin, T. J. (2009). Risk, resilience, and positive development among Latino youth. Handbook of US Latino psychology: Developmental and community based perspectives, Sage."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.35.5.1268","article-title":"A multivariate model of gender differences in adolescents\u2019 internalizing and externalizing problems","volume":"35","author":"Leadbeater","year":"1999","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Goldstein, S., and Brooks, R. B. (2023). Resilience and positive youth development: A dynamic, relational developmental systems-based perspective. Handbook of resilience in children, Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DuBois, D. L., and Karcher, M. J. (2014). Gender in mentoring relationships. Handbook of youth mentoring, Sage. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412996907"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X16668058","article-title":"Mentoring relationship quality profiles and their association with urban, low-income youth\u2019s academic outcomes","volume":"51","author":"Liao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Youth & Society"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-011-9633-y","article-title":"Acculturation, gender, depression, and cigarette smoking among US Hispanic youth: The mediating role of perceived discrimination","volume":"40","author":"Unger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1207\/s15328007sem1103_2","article-title":"In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler\u2019s (1999) findings","volume":"11","author":"Marsh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.56.3.227","article-title":"Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development","volume":"56","author":"Masten","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masten, A. S., and Barnes, A. J. (2018). Resilience in children: Developmental perspectives. Children, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/children5070098"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1376.003","article-title":"Competence and resilience in development","volume":"1094","author":"Masten","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n, L. K., and Muth\u00e9n, B. O. (1998\u20132017). Mplus user\u2019s guide, Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n. [8th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12313","article-title":"The cascading development of autonomy and relatedness from adolescence to adulthood","volume":"86","author":"Oudekerk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0001989","article-title":"Longitudinal within- and between-person effects of school discrimination on U.S. Latino\/a adolescents\u2019 prosocial behaviors","volume":"62","author":"Partovi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2023.2169925","article-title":"The epidemic of internalizing problems among Latinx adolescents before and during the Coronavirus 19 pandemic","volume":"53","author":"Polo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Putnam, R. D. (2015). Our kids: The American dream in crisis, Simon & Schuster."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-019-00982-8","article-title":"The effects of youth mentoring programs: A meta-analysis of outcome studies","volume":"48","author":"Raposa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02506863","article-title":"Natural mentor relationships among Latina adolescent mothers: Psychological adjustment, moderating processes, and the role of early parental acceptance","volume":"22","author":"Rhodes","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00937754","article-title":"Natural mentors: An overlooked resource in the social networks of young, African American mothers","volume":"20","author":"Rhodes","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-010-9313-1","article-title":"Examining the potential of community-based after-school programs for Latino youth","volume":"45","author":"Riggs","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-022-01603-7","article-title":"COVID-19 stressors and Latinx adolescents\u2019 mental health symptomology and school performance: A prospective study","volume":"51","author":"Roche","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.0014","article-title":"Association of family member detention or deportation with Latino or Latina adolescents\u2019 later risks of suicidal ideation, alcohol use, and externalizing problems","volume":"174","author":"Roche","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"NP19781","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605211044097","article-title":"Psychological functioning among Latino victims of teen dating violence: The role of relational and collective resources","volume":"37","author":"Sabina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000878","article-title":"Helping me helps us: The role of natural mentors in the ethnic identity and academic outcomes of Latinx adolescents","volume":"56","author":"Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.20250","article-title":"Natural mentoring under the microscope: An investigation of mentoring relationships and Latino adolescents\u2019 academic performance","volume":"36","author":"Esparza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez, B., Lee, S. J., Lin, Y., Rosario, N., Hudson, A. J., Roman, H., Obando Rozo, N., Anderson, A. J., Herrera, C., and DuBois, D. L. (, January April). Digging deeper: Racial processes in how cross- and same-race youth-mentor dyads form close bonds. 2026 Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research on Adolescence, Toronto, ON, Canada."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12114","article-title":"Mentoring as a mediator or moderator of the association between racial discrimination and coping efficacy in urban, low-income Latina\/o youth","volume":"59","author":"Mroczkowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/096228029900800102","article-title":"Multiple imputation: A primer","volume":"8","author":"Schafer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Statistical Methods in Medical Research"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033391","article-title":"Perceived context of reception among recent Hispanic immigrants: Conceptualization, instrument development, and preliminary validation","volume":"20","author":"Schwartz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2009.01268.x","article-title":"A longitudinal examination of racial identity and racial discrimination among African American adolescents","volume":"80","author":"Seaton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1525\/aeq.2003.34.3.231","article-title":"Informal mentors and role models in the lives of urban Mexican-origin adolescents","volume":"34","author":"Spina","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anthropology & Education Quarterly"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-019-01012-3","article-title":"When discrimination hurts: The longitudinal impact of increases in peer discrimination on anxiety and depressive symptoms in Mexican-origin youth","volume":"48","author":"Stein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000265","article-title":"An integrative risk and resilience model for understanding the adaptation of immigrant-origin children and youth","volume":"73","author":"Marks","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"1","article-title":"mice: Multivariate imputation by chained equations in R","volume":"45","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"219","article-title":"Youth initiated mentoring: A meta-analytic study of a hybrid approach to youth mentoring","volume":"50","author":"Blom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12248","article-title":"Does natural mentoring matter? A multilevel meta-analysis on the association between natural mentoring and youth outcomes","volume":"62","author":"Smit","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peters, R. D., Leadbeater, B., and McMahon, R. J. (2005). Resilience research. Resilience in children, families, and communities, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/b102741"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014632911622","article-title":"Natural mentors and adolescent resiliency: A study with urban youth","volume":"30","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12042","article-title":"Adolescent resilience: Promotive factors that inform prevention","volume":"7","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Development Perspectives"}],"container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-328X\/16\/6\/910\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T05:07:52Z","timestamp":1780636072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-328X\/16\/6\/910"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["bs16060910"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bs16060910","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-328X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-328X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]}}}