{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:26:18Z","timestamp":1785432378559,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1047185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1047185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["APP1047185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1047185"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/011kf5r70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003521","name":"Australian Government Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003521","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001230","name":"Macquarie University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01sf06y89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Social anxiety, peer victimisation, and social support are key issues during mid-childhood that provide important influence in the later adolescent years. While extensive research has evaluated these constructs in isolation and during adolescence, almost no longitudinal studies have evaluated relationships between them during mid-childhood. The current study obtained self-report measures of social anxiety, peer victimisation, and social support from a close friend, from 7846 students from grades three and four (M age = 9.01 yr), on three occasions over two years. Path analyses examined mediating and moderating relationships, as well as moderation by binary gender. There was minimal moderation by gender on any of the relationships between variables. Over time, there was a stronger positive prediction from social anxiety to later victimisation (\u03b2\u2019s = 0.09\u20130.12) than from victimisation to later social anxiety (\u03b2\u2019s = 0.04\u20130.07). Social anxiety negatively predicted later social support (\u03b2\u2019s = \u22120.05 to \u22120.09), but social support did not consistently predict later social anxiety (\u03b2\u2019s = \u22120.01 to \u22120.02). Interestingly, the results did not support a buffering effect of social support on peer victimisation; however, these longitudinal data did support several indirect paths. The results highlight the cyclical relationship between social anxiety and peer victimisation but point to social anxiety as a unidirectional predictor of social support from a close friend during the middle to late childhood years. Early intervention for social anxiety may produce positive downstream effects on both peer victimisation and social support.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16060958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T06:57:17Z","timestamp":1781161037000},"page":"958","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal Relationships Between Social Anxiety, Peer Victimisation, and Perceived Support Among Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1724-1076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald M.","family":"Rapee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Lifespan Health and Wellbeing, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kay","family":"Bussey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Lifespan Health and Wellbeing, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6217-5058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donna","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kids Research Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-020-01529-0","article-title":"Mitigating adolescent social anxiety symptoms: The effects of social support and social self-efficacy in findings from the Young-HUNT 3 study","volume":"30","author":"Aune","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-021-01441-z","article-title":"Perceived social support from different sources and adolescent life satisfaction across 42 countries\/regions: The moderating role of national-level generalized trust","volume":"50","author":"Bi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12107","article-title":"The role of social performance and physical attractiveness in peer rejection of socially anxious adolescents","volume":"25","author":"Miers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Adolescence"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1353\/mpq.2005.0001","article-title":"Behavioral inhibition as a precursor of peer social competence in early school age: The interplay with attachment and nonparental care","volume":"51","author":"Bohlin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Merrill-Palmer Quarterly"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2020.103710","article-title":"Social threat sensitivity and its relationships with peer victimisation and internalising symptoms among adolescent girls","volume":"133","author":"Calleja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.42.4.656","article-title":"Reticent behavior and experiences in peer interactions in Chinese and Canadian children","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.10.055","article-title":"Prospective associations between peer functioning and social anxiety in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"279","author":"Chiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.101979","article-title":"The bidirectional relationships between peer victimization and internalizing problems in school-aged children: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"85","author":"Christina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jimerson, S., Nickerson, A., Mayer, M. 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