{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:46:50Z","timestamp":1785422810598,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025M773455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025M773455"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2025M773455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025M773455"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0426zh255","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Joint statistical learning enables interacting individuals to form shared representations, but prior research has primarily focused on homogeneous dyads with equivalent expertise. Real-world interactions often involve knowledge asymmetries, yet it remains unclear how novices implicitly acquire statistical regularities from expert partners via sensorimotor signals. This study investigated whether novices can implicitly extract sequence regularities to enhance joint statistical learning and compared two candidate mechanisms, action feedback versus action visibility. Using a modified serial reaction time task across three experiments, we found that novices paired with trained experts exhibited significantly steeper declines in reaction time compared to those paired with pseudo-experts. Moreover, expert-paired novices demonstrated a pronounced quadratic trajectory, indicating sequence-specific learning. Experiment 2 revealed that the absence of immediate action feedback eliminated this sequence-specific interference effect in novices, highlighting the critical role of shared perceptual outcomes in the implicit transmission of task regularities. Conversely, Experiment 3 showed that the absence of visual access to the expert\u2019s physical movements attenuated neither the novices\u2019 general sequence acquisition nor their sequence-specific interference effect. These findings extend the Theory of Event Coding framework to asymmetric social contexts by demonstrating that effect-based coding, rather than direct kinematic observation, drives implicit behavioral facilitation in joint action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16071152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T10:16:22Z","timestamp":1783592182000},"page":"1152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Action Feedback Enables Novices to Implicitly Acquire Task Regularities from Experts During Joint Statistical Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4130-7685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for the Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Children and Adolescents, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5000-4478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanye","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for the Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Children and Adolescents, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiyue","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for the Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Children and Adolescents, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8560-3203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for the Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Children and Adolescents, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using 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