{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:42:48Z","timestamp":1785436968501,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["435-2025-0522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["435-2025-0522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["435-2025-0522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["435-2025-0522"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04j5jqy92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Social anxiety (SA) negatively impacts myriad aspects of an individual\u2019s life. Although research with adults and children highlights an important link between SA and social cognitive abilities (e.g., reasoning about others\u2019 thoughts and emotions), findings are mixed. We hypothesized that these mixed findings stem from the various combinations of social cognitive components of SA under investigation and the different types of measures used. Understanding these relationships in middle-to-late childhood is especially important, given that it is a period of substantial social cognitive development and a common onset age for SA. Seventy-eight children (Mage = 8.15 years, SD = 1.61) and their parents completed measures capturing different components of anxiety (i.e., social worry, fear of negative evaluation, and social avoidance) and social cognition (i.e., emotion recognition, mental state understanding, and social perspective-taking). Measures of social cognition were not significantly correlated. Consistent with our expectations, associations between social cognition and social anxiety were measure-dependent. Self-reported fear of negative evaluation emerged as a positive predictor of accuracy in a behavioral measure of mental state understanding but a negative predictor of parent-reported mental state understanding. In addition, social avoidance accounted for additional variance only when predicting lower self-reported perspective-taking. Together, our findings highlight the multifaceted nature of social cognition and SA and the need for distinguishing these facets in future work. These findings are discussed in the context of measurement limitations in the current study and the related measurement challenges faced in this field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16071228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:47:32Z","timestamp":1784508452000},"page":"1228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Anxious Mind: Examining the Conflicting Relationships Between Distinct Aspects of Social Anxiety and Social Cognition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2707-7354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon M.","family":"May Craig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Kiley","family":"Hamlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1028-6420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan A. J.","family":"Birch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104759","article-title":"Attention mechanisms of social anxiety in daily life: Unique effects of negative self-focused attention on post-event processing","volume":"191","author":"Adamis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2024.03.024","article-title":"Abstract reasoning, theory of mind and character development in the school","volume":"221","author":"Alan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.006","article-title":"Interpersonal processes in social phobia","volume":"24","author":"Alden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2007.05.007","article-title":"Social anxiety and the interpretation of positive social events","volume":"22","author":"Alden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1080\/03004430903059318","article-title":"Facial affect recognition and social anxiety in preschool children","volume":"180","author":"Ale","year":"2010","journal-title":"Early Child Development and Care"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020385","DOI":"10.1590\/1984-0462\/2022\/40\/2020385","article-title":"Social isolation and its impact on child and adolescent development: A systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Almeida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Revista Paulista de Pediatria"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"e32687","article-title":"Social anxiety disorder: Associated conditions and therapeutic approaches","volume":"14","author":"Alomari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.04.130","article-title":"Social anxiety and behavioral assessments of social cognition: A systematic review","volume":"311","author":"Alvi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2022). 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