{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:46:05Z","timestamp":1785818765594,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav. Sci.","Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Early childhood is a critical period for gender-role development, and picture books are one of the important mediums through which children encounter social expectations about gender. However, limited research has compared gender roles in Chinese-authored and non-Chinese-authored picture books. This study conducted a content analysis of 148 picture books selected from lists recommended by the Ministry of Education of China, award-winning Chinese-authored picture books, and the iRead Early Childhood Reading Catalog. Gender roles were examined across cover characters, protagonists, physical appearance, activities, social identity, and behavioral characteristics. Both groups displayed gender stereotypes to varying degrees. Male characters appeared more frequently on covers and as protagonists, and the difference between the two groups were not statistically significant. Regarding behavioral characteristics, male characters were significantly overrepresented in exploratory action in both book categories. No behavioral category in either book type showed a significant overrepresentation of female characters. Despite some efforts to challenge conventional portrayals, both groups largely reflected traditional gender frameworks and binary understandings of gender. These findings highlight the need for picture book authors, parents, and educators to critically examine gender roles in children\u2019s literature and to provide children with more diverse and equitable models of gender development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16081312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T01:43:27Z","timestamp":1785721407000},"page":"1312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gender Roles in Chinese Children\u2019s Picture Books: A Descriptive Content Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1110-3833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junnan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6064-2324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiahui","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1365-4819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7094-1226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, School of Education, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7122-9230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Early Childhood and Elementary Education, College of Education and Human Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s13384-021-00494-0","article-title":"Gender equity in early childhood picture books: A cross-cultural study of frequently read picture books in early childhood classrooms in Australia and the United States","volume":"50","author":"Adam","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Australian Educational Researcher"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-011-0011-8","article-title":"Invisible or involved fathers? A content analysis of representations of parenting in young children\u2019s picturebooks in the UK","volume":"65","author":"Adams","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-005-1290-8","article-title":"Gender role stereotyping of parents in children\u2019s picture books: The invisible father","volume":"52","author":"Anderson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1215\/00703370-10113125","article-title":"Gender disparities in increased parenting time during the COVID-19 pandemic: A research note","volume":"59","author":"Augustine","year":"2022","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s11125-009-9086-1","article-title":"The invisible obstacle to educational equality: Gender bias in textbooks","volume":"38","author":"Blumberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prospects"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Cai, T. T. (2013). A study on 5\u20136-year-old children\u2019s understanding of gender differences. [Master\u2019s thesis, Nanjing Normal University]. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casey, K., Novick, K., and Lourenco, S. F. (2021). Sixty years of gender representation in children\u2019s books: Conditions associated with overrepresentation of male versus female protagonists. PLoS ONE, 16, (12).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260566"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"5","article-title":"Breakthroughs in gender education concepts in children\u2019s picture books: A discussion on insights for children\u2019s book publishing in China","volume":"(5)","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Publishing Research"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"57","article-title":"Gender perspectives in American picture books for children: A study on the lack of gender education in children\u2019s books published in Mainland China","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Publishing Science"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"51","article-title":"Modern civic education and the innovative development of Chinese original picture books: An examination from a gender perspective","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Publishing Science"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Chen, P. Y. (2024). Interpretation of images in wordless picture books during parent\u2013child shared reading by parents of different genders and exploration of gender parenting attitudes. [Master\u2019s thesis, Taiwan Normal University]. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Chu, J. Y. (2020). A study on gender landscape and gender power in best-selling children\u2019s picture books. [Master\u2019s thesis, Jinan University]. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025820404277","article-title":"Two steps forward, one step back: The presence of female characters and gender stereotyping in award-winning picture books between the 1930s and the 1960s","volume":"49","author":"Clark","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/ecin.13054","article-title":"The evolving impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender inequality in the US labor market: The COVID motherhood penalty","volume":"60","author":"Couch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Economic Inquiry"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01420740","article-title":"The social representation of material culture and gender in children\u2019s books","volume":"30","author":"Crabb","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crawfurd, L., Saintis-Miller, C., and Todd, R. (2024). Sexist textbooks: Automated analysis of gender bias in 1,255 books from 34 countries. PLoS ONE, 19, (10).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0310366"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1007\/s10583-023-09557-5","article-title":"Portraits of fatherhood: Depictions of fathers and father\u2013child relationships in award-winning children\u2019s literature","volume":"55","author":"Cutler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Children\u2019s Literature in Education"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1080\/09669760.2024.2444876","article-title":"\u2018We would just assume the wolf would be a boy \u2026 \u2019: Critical engagement with children\u2019s literature by early years educators","volume":"33","author":"Davenport","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Early Years Education"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-013-0285-0","article-title":"Parental role portrayals in twentieth century children\u2019s picture books: More egalitarian or ongoing stereotyping?","volume":"69","author":"DeWitt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1023\/B:SERS.0000018892.26527.ea","article-title":"Learning to be little women and little men: The inequitable gender equality of nonsexist children\u2019s literature","volume":"50","author":"Diekman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-016-0482-0","article-title":"Gender identity, gender assignment and reassignment in individuals with disorders of sex development: A major of dilemma","volume":"39","author":"Fisher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Foster, M. C. (2014). Representations of gender and embodiment in children\u2019s picture books. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto]."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/02568540809594628","article-title":"Gender schema and prejudicial recall: How children misremember, fabricate, and distort gendered picture book information","volume":"22","author":"Frawley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Childhood Education"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013064418674","article-title":"Gender representation in notable children\u2019s picture books: 1995\u20131999","volume":"45","author":"Gooden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"G\u00f6tz, M., Lemish, D., Aidman, A., and Moon, H. (2005). Media and the make-believe worlds of children: When Harry Potter meets Pok\u00e9mon in Disneyland, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.linged.2022.101083","article-title":"Representing transition experiences: A multimodal critical discourse analysis of young immigrants in children\u2019s literature","volume":"71","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Linguistics and Education"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.12973\/ijem.8.1.91","article-title":"Exploring pre-service teachers\u2019 perspectives: Gender and gender representation across human protagonists in picture books","volume":"8","author":"Haghanikar","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Methodology"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.5860\/cal.22.3.17","article-title":"How far\u2026 or not\u2026 have we come? Gender portrayals in award-winning children\u2019s picture books: 2018\u20132022","volume":"22","author":"Hale","year":"2024","journal-title":"Children and Libraries"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-006-9128-6","article-title":"Gender stereotyping and under-representation of female characters in 200 popular children\u2019s picture books: A twenty-first-century update","volume":"55","author":"Hamilton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-010-9868-1","article-title":"Body size stereotyping and internalization of the thin ideal in preschool girls","volume":"63","author":"Harriger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.18848\/1447-9516\/CGP\/v07i02\/36814","article-title":"Exploring occupational stereotypes in children\u2019s picture books","volume":"7","author":"Hendricks","year":"2010","journal-title":"The International Journal of the Book"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hentschel, T., Heilman, M. E., and Peus, C. V. (2019). The multiple dimensions of gender stereotypes: A current look at men\u2019s and women\u2019s characterizations of others and themselves. Frontiers in Psychology, 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00011"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10643-019-00969-x","article-title":"\u201cThe mouse looks like a boy\u201d: Young children\u2019s talk about gender across human and nonhuman characters in picture books","volume":"48","author":"Hill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Early Childhood Education Journal"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1080\/10409289.2024.2389365","article-title":"Exploring gender disparity in Chinese children\u2019s literature: The impact of authorship and narrative elements","volume":"36","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Early Education and Development"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ismatullina, V., Adamovich, T., Zakharov, I., Vasin, G., and Voronin, I. (2022). The place of gender stereotypes in the network of cognitive abilities, self-perceived ability and intrinsic value of school in school children depending on sex and preferences in STEM. Behavioral Sciences, 12, (3).","DOI":"10.3390\/bs12030075"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jalalkamali, A., and Doratli, N. (2022). Public space behaviors and intentions: The role of gender through the window of culture, case of Kerman. Behavioral Sciences, 12, (10).","DOI":"10.3390\/bs12100388"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"29","article-title":"A study on gender stereotypes in children\u2019s picture book stories: Taking 135 children\u2019s picture books as examples","volume":"(4)","author":"Ji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Early Education"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"40","article-title":"Main influencing factors of gender stereotypes in young children: Foreign research progress and implications","volume":"(39)","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Early Education"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s10583-015-9253-3","article-title":"\u201c\u2018Look more closely,\u2019 said mum\u201d: Mothers in Anthony Browne\u2019s picture books","volume":"46","author":"Joosen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Children\u2019s Literature in Education"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/17405629.2016.1193483","article-title":"Gender stereotypes in education: Development, consequences, and interventions","volume":"15","author":"Kollmayer","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00299282","article-title":"Gender role stereotyping in children\u2019s literature: An update","volume":"28","author":"Kortenhaus","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology, Sage Publications. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Terras, M., and Li, Y. (2023). Still on the same page: A gender comparison of the top 100 picture books from the UK and China published 2011\u20132020. Children & Society, 1\u201321.","DOI":"10.1111\/chso.12777"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1080\/02568543.2023.2280790","article-title":"Where have all the girls gone? Examining gender representation within children\u2019s picture books","volume":"38","author":"Lindsay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Childhood Education"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s12147-025-09393-5","article-title":"Gender role portrayal of parents in Hong Kong children\u2019s literature: Egalitarian or stereotyping?","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Gender Issues"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"51","article-title":"Discursive construction of parental images in domestic children\u2019s picture books","volume":"(4)","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Early Childhood Development"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963-7214.2004.00276.x","article-title":"Children\u2019s search for gender cues: Cognitive perspectives on gender development","volume":"13","author":"Martin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1080\/09500782.2025.2591061","article-title":"Unexpected cultural echoes: Gender representation in Hebrew and Arabic children\u2019s picture books","volume":"40","author":"Matta","year":"2026","journal-title":"Language and Education"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243211398358","article-title":"Gender in twentieth-century children\u2019s books: Patterns of disparity in titles and central characters","volume":"25","author":"McCabe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gender & Society"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","article-title":"Interrater reliability: The kappa statistic","volume":"22","author":"McHugh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochemia Medica"},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China (2026, July 30). Recommended list of picture books for preschool children, (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"137","article-title":"Lexical choices and the construction of gender in Malaysian children\u2019s literature","volume":"28","author":"Nair","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kajian Malaysia: Journal of Malaysian Studies"},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Narahara, M. M. (1998). Gender stereotypes in children\u2019s picture books, University of California."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Peng, Y. (2007). Picture books: Reading and classics, 21st Century Publishing House. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/0954025900020204","article-title":"Gender stereotypes in children\u2019s books: Their prevalence and influence on cognitive and affective development","volume":"2","author":"Peterson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gender and Education"},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Pleck, J. H. (1981). The myth of masculinity, MIT Press."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-023-01409-2","article-title":"Mr. active and little miss passive? The transmission and existence of gender stereotypes in children\u2019s books","volume":"89","author":"Pownall","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"17","article-title":"Gender studies in Chinese children\u2019s literature: Practice and reflection","volume":"(5)","author":"Qiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Modern Chinese Literature Studies"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"49","article-title":"Comparative analysis of gender stereotypes in Chinese and American children\u2019s picture books","volume":"(12)","author":"Qin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Early Childhood Education"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1515\/humaff-2022-2030","article-title":"Cultural differences in the construction of gender: A thematic analysis of gender representations in American, Spanish, and Czech children\u2019s literature","volume":"33","author":"Roberts","year":"2023","journal-title":"Human Affairs"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saba, P., Qi, H., Saleem, A., Chen, I.-J., Kausar, F. N., and Iqbal, M. F. (2023). Effects of animated movies on the aggression and behavior performance of primary school students and their control using a cognitive behavioral anger-control training (CBACT) program. Behavioral Sciences, 13, (8).","DOI":"10.3390\/bs13080659"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1163\/156913306778667357","article-title":"A theory of cultural value orientations: Explication and applications","volume":"5","author":"Schwartz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comparative Sociology"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.1996.tb00663.x","article-title":"Fathering is a feminist issue","volume":"20","author":"Silverstein","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychology of Women Quarterly"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, Y., Yang, M., Chen, I.-J., Ponam, S., and Shi, Y. (2024). Effect of intergenerational trends on parental child-rearing gender role attitudes (PCGAs) in single-parent families: A relative mediation. Behavioral Sciences, 14, (7).","DOI":"10.3390\/bs14070551"},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"Sun, Y. F., and Wang, X. F. (2013). Children\u2019s literature for preschoolers, Nanjing University Press. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Tang, M. L. (2020). A study on gender roles in preschool picture books. [Master\u2019s thesis, Tianshui Normal University]. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018803122469","article-title":"Gender differences in emotional language in children\u2019s picture books","volume":"40","author":"Tepper","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"272","article-title":"The privilege of place: Domestic and work locations of characters in children\u2019s books","volume":"11","author":"Tognoli","year":"1994","journal-title":"Children\u2019s Environments"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01544132","article-title":"Gender-stereotyped descriptors in children\u2019s picture books: Does \u201cCurious Jane\u201d exist in the literature?","volume":"35","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes, Harvard University Press."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, M., and Lee, S. (2024). Examining gender issues in Chinese award-winning picture books. Proceedings of the 2024 4th International Conference on Internet Technology and Educational Informatization (ITEI 2024), Atlantis Press.","DOI":"10.2991\/978-94-6463-560-7_36"},{"key":"ref_72","unstructured":"Wang, Z., and Liu, X. (2017). Development characteristics and trends of original Chinese children\u2019s picture books: An analysis based on five Chinese-language picture book awards. Modern Publishing, 20\u201324. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1086\/225261","article-title":"Sex-role socialization in picture books for preschool children","volume":"77","author":"Weitzman","year":"1972","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1353\/lib.2006.0053","article-title":"Content analysis: A flexible methodology","volume":"55","author":"White","year":"2006","journal-title":"Library Trends"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.linged.2025.101463","article-title":"That\u2019s not my gender!: Gender stereotyping in western-authored children\u2019s literature taught in Malaysian primary ESL classrooms","volume":"89","author":"Yeoh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Linguistics and Education"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12609","DOI":"10.1111\/ejed.12609","article-title":"Gender in children\u2019s literature and kindergartener\u2019s responses to gender in interactive read-alouds","volume":"59","author":"Gultekin","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Journal of Education"},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"58","article-title":"Analysis and enlightenment on the translation and introduction of foreign children\u2019s picture books in China","volume":"(17)","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"View on Publishing"}],"container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-328X\/16\/8\/1312\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:23:59Z","timestamp":1785817439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-328X\/16\/8\/1312"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["bs16081312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bs16081312","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-328X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-328X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]]}}}